History

History

Norway Finland Sweden Denmark

Norway formed a unified kingdom around the 9th century AD.
The 13th century entered its heyday.
It began to decline in the mid-14th century.
In 1397, it formed the Kalmar Union with Denmark and Sweden, and was ruled by Denmark.
In 1814 Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden in exchange for West Pomerania.
In 1905, it became an independent monarchy and elected a prince of Denmark as king, known as Haakon VII.
Neutrality in World War I.
Occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II, Quisling was the governor-general of Germany, and King Haakon and his government fled into exile in England.
Liberated in 1945. Haakon VII died in 1957, and his son took the throne as Olaf V.
He joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949 and the European Free Trade Association in 1959.

Finnish history began with the settlement of humans in what is now Finland more than 10,000 years ago, and this primitive commune system continued in Finland until the 12th century.
After a series of expansionist activities initiated by Sweden, Finland was ruled by Sweden until the early 19th century.
In 1809, the Russian Empire defeated Sweden, and Finland became a grand duchy under the Tsar.
Following the October Revolution in Russia, Finland declared independence on December 6, 1917.
The Finnish Civil War in 1918 drove the Russian Bolsheviks out of Finland.
The Republic of Finland was established in 1919 after the fall of the short-lived kingdom regime.
In 1939, the Soviet Union launched the Soviet-Finnish War, and Finland was forced to cede territory.
After that, Finland joined the German camp in 1941 and participated in the war against Russia.
After the end of World War II, Finland became a defeated country, and its sovereignty and diplomacy were subject to the Soviet Union for a long time, and it did not accept the US Marshall Plan.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Finland gradually shed its influence and joined the European Union in 1995.

The Swedish state was formed in the 11th century AD.
In 1397 Sweden was incorporated into the Danish-controlled Kalmar League.
It got independence from the union in 1523.
In the 17th century Sweden became the dominant power in northern Europe.
It began to decline in the early 18th century, losing most of its overseas territories.
In 1809, Finland under Swedish control was incorporated into the Russian Empire.
It acquired Norway from Denmark in 1814.
In 1905, Norway became independent from Sweden, and the territory of the modern Kingdom of Sweden was finally formed.
Sweden remained neutral in both world wars.
After World War II, the economy and technology developed rapidly, becoming one of the most developed countries in the world today.
Sweden has been a monarchy since the formation of the country, and has never established a republic.

Denmark gradually formed a unified kingdom in the 9th to 11th centuries AD.
In the 11th century, the kindom began to gradually expand outward, and conquered England and Norway.
The Kalmar Union in 1397 brought what is today Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands under the rule of the Danish monarch.
In 1523 Sweden and Finland (then part of Sweden) left the union; in 1658 Denmark ceded a piece of southern Scandinavia (Scania) to Sweden.
After the Napoleonic Wars in 1814, Norway was again ceded to Sweden.
Iceland gradually gained independence from Denmark in the 20th century, while today's Greenland and the Faroe Islands are demanding more autonomy.
Denmark was occupied by Germany on April 9, 1940, until the end of World War II.
After the war, Denmark became a member of NATO and the European Union.