History
                                                     tsaiwn@csie.nctu.edu.tw
 1967  BCPL, by Martin Richards
 1970  B, modified from BCPL, by Ken Thompson, at Bell Lab.
*1972  C, modified from B, by Dennis Ritchie, at Bell Lab.
 1978  "The C Programming Language, 1st ed.," by Kernighan and Ritchie (K&R)
*1980  C with classes (class 源自 SIMULA), by Bjarne Stroustrup, at Bell Lab.
 1983  ANSI X3J11 comittee working for C Standard
*1984  C with classes 改名為 C++
 1985  AT&T 開始對外發行 C++ 1.0 (Translator)
 1988  K&R second edition published
*1989/December ANSI C via ANSI X3J11
 1990  ANSI X3J16 comittee working for C++ Standard
 
*1991  OAK, based on C++, by James Gosling, at Sun Microsystems
       (目標是a Language for 家電用品, the Green project, but failed)
 1993  OAK 死而復活 (因為 WWW 的流行), 後來改名 Java
*1995/May Java formally announced by Sun Microsystems, with JDK 1.0
 1996  IDL(Interface Definition Language), RMI (Remote Method Invocation),
       Java Beans, JDBC (Java DataBase Connectivity)
 1997  JDK 1.1, Servlet
 
*1998  ANSI C++ via ANSI X3J16
 
*1998/November  Java 2 (JDK 1.2)
*1999/June JDK 1.2.2    *1999/Oct  JDK 1.3 
 
 1999  ANSI C99   (the latest version of C Standard, no compiler yet)
 
*2001  JDK 1.3.1   *2002 JDK 1.4
*2004  JDK 1.5 (JDK 5.0)    *2006  JDK 6.0  (JDK1.6)  *2009 JDK 7.0
  ===  JAVA JAVA JAVA JAVA JAVA === === JAVA JAVA JAVA JAVA JAVA JAVA ===
 
  * Removed Features from C++
     - pointers (太危險! 從此不能再耍花招)(其實Java的Reference是C++的pointer)
     - unions, struct (不需要, 且其實 class 就是 struct)
     - multiple inheritance, operator overloading  (容易搞錯, 不易懂)
     - prepocessing (因會使程式缺乏可讀性)
     - template (不過因一直有人要求該加入, JDK1.5 已加入 generic type)
     - coercions (尊重程式作者? 請用 cast)  (不過expression中promotion仍可以)
     - destructors (要死就死, 何必囉唆:-)其實是不需要, 因有 Garbage Collection)
     - goto statements (破斧沉舟! 讓你死了想用 goto 的念頭:-)
 
 ** Added Features:
     - data types: 八大原始類別: boolean (1 bit), char (16 bit, Unicode)
                  byte(8 bit), short(16 bit). int (32 bit), long (64 bit)
                  float 和 double 都與 C/C++ 同 (32 bit, 64 bit, IEEE754)
            * array as objects (注意宣告 array 時只生出 reference)
            * String class (類似 C++ class library 中的 string class)
     - multi-level break  (break 可帶有 Label, 這才使goto真的變沒必要)
     - Packages   (把相關 class 集合一起, 方便管理)
     - Interfaces (彌補去除multiple inheritance的不足)
     - automatic Garbage collection   (從此不用擔心 memory leaking)
     - multithread & Synchronization 
     - Runtime type checking
 
 *** How Java programs work?
     - Java 寫的程式可以分成 Application, Applet, 以及 Servlet, 檔名以.java結尾
     - Java 程式若夾在網頁內則為 JSP (類似 PHP 以及 微軟的 ASP)
     - .java 的程式要用 javac 命令 compile 成 ByteCode, 檔名為 .calss 結尾
     - Bytecode可給真的Java CPU 執行, 或任何CPU上的Java虛擬機器執行
     - Java虛擬機器是Java的 Interpreter(解譯程式), 通常是用 C 語言寫的
     - javac 是 Java程式的 Compiler; 
       java 是 Java 的虛擬機器(解譯器Interpreter)
     - Runtime Environment
        -- Java Interpreter (java) with lots of Java class Library
           PC 使用者請到 java.sun.com 抓, 建議先熟悉 Standard Edition
           Sun 使用者請在 Solaris 上執行, 不要在 Sun OS 4.x
           建議在 /usr/local/jdk/.. 之下找 javac 和 java 或問系統管理者
        -- Load, Verify, Execute, JIT (Just In Time compiler)
        -- native code Executable image compiler/linker, like gcj
  * Can Java program be compiled/linked to native exec prog? 
    A: YES. Please use google.com to search GCJ project.