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Trail: Essential Java Classes
Lesson: Threads: Doing Two or More Tasks At Once

## Answers to Questions and Exercises: Threads

### Questions

> 1. Question: What method in `Timer` or `TimerTask` can you use to determine when the task was most recently scheduled to execute? (Hint: You can find the answer by looking at the API documentation for `Timer` and `TimerTask`. Remember that these classes were introduced in version 1.3 of the Java platform.)

>    Answer: The `TimerTask` `scheduledExecutionTime` method.

> 2. Question: What is the effect of calling the `start` method on a `Thread` object?

>    Answer: The thread goes into the Runnable state and the `run` method is invoked.

> 3. Question: What are the two ways you can provide the implementation for a thread's `run` method?

>    Answer:

>    - Create a `Thread` subclass that overrides the `run` method.
>    - Write a class that implements the `Runnable` interface and the `run` method.

### Exercises

> 1. Exercise: Convert ``AnnoyingBeep.java`` so that the initial delay is 5 seconds, instead of 0.

>    Solution: Change the initial delay argument to the `schedule` method from 0 to 5*1000.

> 2. Exercise: Convert ``AnnoyingBeep.java`` to use the `scheduleAtFixedRate` method instead of `schedule` to schedule the task. Change the implementation of the `run` method so that if the `run` method is called too late for a warning beep (say, more than 5 milliseconds after it was scheduled to run), nothing happens--no beep and string are generated. (Hint: Remember your answer to question 1.)

>    Solution: Substitute `scheduleAtFixedRate` for `schedule`. You can use `System.currentTimeMillis()` to get the current time to compare with the scheduled execution time. A full solution is in ``SkippingBeep.java``.

> 3. Exercise: Change the main program of ``TwoThreadsDemo.java`` so that it creates a third thread, named "Bora Bora." ” Compile and run the program again. Note that you will also need ``SimpleThread.java``. Does this change your vacation destiny?

>    Solution: Add the following line to the `main` method:

>    >     new SimpleThread("Bora Bora").start();

> 4. Exercise: Compile and run ``RaceDemo.java`` and ``SelfishRunner.java`` on your computer. Do you have a time-sliced system?

>    Solution: The answer depends on your system. As of JDK 1.0, the Java VM on Microsoft Windows (includes Windows 95/98/NT/2000) uses time slicing while the Java VM on Solaris does not.

> 5. Exercise: Well-behaved threads voluntarily relinquish the CPU periodically and give other threads an opportunity to run. Rewrite the ``SelfishRunner`` class to be a `PoliteRunner`. Be sure to modify the main program in ``RaceDemo.java`` to create `PoliteRunner`s instead of `SelfishRunner`s.

>    Solution: Add a call to the `yield` method somewhere within the `run` method, such as just after the call to `println`.

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