/*
 * @(#)IIOParam.java	1.27 01/12/03
 *
 * Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 */

package javax.imageio;

import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.Rectangle;

/**
 * A superclass of all classes describing how streams should be 
 * decoded or encoded.  This class contains all the variables and
 * methods that are shared by <code>ImageReadParam</code> and
 * <code>ImageWriteParam</code>.
 * 
 * <p> This class provides mechanisms to specify a source region and a
 * destination region.  When reading, the source is the stream and 
 * the in-memory image is the destination.  When writing, these are
 * reversed.  In the case of writing, destination regions may be used
 * only with a writer that supports pixel replacement.
 * <p>
 * Decimation subsampling may be specified for both readers
 * and writers, using a movable subsampling grid.
 * <p>
 * Subsets of the source and destination bands may be selected.
 *
 * @version 0.5
 */
public abstract class IIOParam {

    /**
     * The source region, on <code>null</code> if none is set.
     */
    protected Rectangle sourceRegion = null;

    /**
     * The decimation subsampling to be applied in the horizontal
     * direction.  By default, the value is <code>1</code>.
     * The value must not be negative or 0.
     */
    protected int sourceXSubsampling = 1;

    /**
     * The decimation subsampling to be applied in the vertical
     * direction.  By default, the value is <code>1</code>.
     * The value must not be negative or 0.
     */
    protected int sourceYSubsampling = 1;

    /**
     * A horizontal offset to be applied to the subsampling grid before
     * subsampling.  The first pixel to be used will be offset this
     * amount from the origin of the region, or of the image if no
     * region is specified.
     */
    protected int subsamplingXOffset = 0;

    /**
     * A vertical offset to be applied to the subsampling grid before
     * subsampling.  The first pixel to be used will be offset this
     * amount from the origin of the region, or of the image if no
     * region is specified.
     */
    protected int subsamplingYOffset = 0;
    
    /**
     * An array of <code>int</code>s indicating which source bands
     * will be used, or <code>null</code>.  If <code>null</code>, the
     * set of source bands to be used is as described in the comment
     * for the <code>setSourceBands</code> method.  No value should
     * be allowed to be negative.
     */
    protected int[] sourceBands = null;

    /**
     * An <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> to be used to generate a
     * destination image when reading, or to set the output color type
     * when writing.  If non has been setm the value will be
     * <code>null</code>.  By default, the value is <code>null</code>.
     */
    protected ImageTypeSpecifier destinationType = null;

    /**
     * The offset in the destination where the upper-left decoded
     * pixel should be placed.  By default, the value is (0, 0).
     */
    protected Point destinationOffset = new Point(0, 0);

    /**
     * The default <code>IIOParamController</code> that will be
     * used to provide settings for this <code>IIOParam</code>
     * object when the <code>activateController</code> method
     * is called.  This default should be set by subclasses
     * that choose to provide their own default controller, 
     * usually a GUI, for setting parameters.
     *
     * @see IIOParamController
     * @see #getDefaultController
     * @see #activateController
     */
    protected IIOParamController defaultController = null;

    /**
     * The <code>IIOParamController</code> that will be
     * used to provide settings for this <code>IIOParam</code>
     * object when the <code>activateController</code> method
     * is called.  This value overrides any default controller, 
     * even when null.
     *
     * @see IIOParamController
     * @see #setController(IIOParamController)
     * @see #hasController()
     * @see #activateController()
     */
    protected IIOParamController controller = null;

    /**
     * Protected constructor may be called only by subclasses.
     */
    protected IIOParam() {
        controller = defaultController;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the source region of interest.  The region of interest is
     * described as a rectangle, with the upper-left corner of the
     * source image as pixel (0, 0) and increasing values down and to
     * the right.  The actual number of pixels used will depend on
     * the subsampling factors set by <code>setSourceSubsampling</code>.
     * If subsampling has been set such that this number is zero,
     * an <code>IllegalStateException</code> will be thrown.
     *
     * <p> The source region of interest specified by this method will
     * be clipped as needed to fit within the source bounds, as well
     * as the destination offsets, width, and height at the time of
     * actual I/O.
     *
     * <p> A value of <code>null</code> for <code>sourceRegion</code>
     * will remove any region specification, causing the entire image
     * to be used.
     *
     * @param sourceRegion a <code>Rectangle</code> specifying the
     * source region of interest, or <code>null</code>.
     *
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if
     * <code>sourceRegion</code> is non-<code>null</code> and either
     * <code>sourceRegion.x</code> or <code>sourceRegion.y</code> is
     * negative.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if
     * <code>sourceRegion</code> is non-<code>null</code> and either
     * <code>sourceRegion.width</code> or
     * <code>sourceRegion.height</code> is negative or 0.
     * @exception IllegalStateException if subsampling is such that
     * this region will have a subsampled width or height of zero.
     *
     * @see #getSourceRegion
     * @see #setSourceSubsampling
     * @see ImageReadParam#setDestinationOffset
     * @see ImageReadParam#getDestinationOffset
     */
    public void setSourceRegion(Rectangle sourceRegion) {
        if (sourceRegion == null) {
            this.sourceRegion = null;
            return;
        }

        if (sourceRegion.x < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("sourceRegion.x < 0!");
        }
        if (sourceRegion.y < 0){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("sourceRegion.y < 0!");
        }
        if (sourceRegion.width <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("sourceRegion.width <= 0!");
        }
        if (sourceRegion.height <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("sourceRegion.height <= 0!");
        }

        // Throw an IllegalStateException if region falls between subsamples
        if (sourceRegion.width <= subsamplingXOffset) {
            throw new IllegalStateException
                ("sourceRegion.width <= subsamplingXOffset!");
        }
        if (sourceRegion.height <= subsamplingYOffset) {
            throw new IllegalStateException
                ("sourceRegion.height <= subsamplingYOffset!");
        }

        this.sourceRegion = (Rectangle)sourceRegion.clone();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the source region to be used.  The returned value is
     * that set by the most recent call to
     * <code>setSourceRegion</code>, and will be <code>null</code> if
     * there is no region set.
     * 
     * @return the source region of interest as a
     * <code>Rectangle</code>, or <code>null</code>.
     *
     * @see #setSourceRegion
     */
    public Rectangle getSourceRegion() {
        if (sourceRegion == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return (Rectangle)sourceRegion.clone();
    }

    /**
     * Specifies a decimation subsampling to apply on I/O.  The
     * <code>sourceXSubsampling</code> and
     * <code>sourceYSubsampling</code> parameters specify the
     * subsampling period (<i>i.e.</i>, the number of rows and columns
     * to advance after every source pixel).  Specifically, a period of
     * 1 will use every row or column; a period of 2 will use every
     * other row or column.  The <code>subsamplingXOffset</code> and
     * <code>subsamplingYOffset</code> parameters specify an offset
     * from the region (or image) origin for the first subsampled pixel.
     * Adjusting the origin of the subsample grid is useful for avoiding
     * seams when subsampling a very large source image into destination
     * regions that will be assembled into a complete subsampled image.
     * Most users will want to simply leave these parameters at 0.
     *
     * <p> The number of pixels and scanlines to be used are calculated
     * as follows.
     * <p>
     * The number of subsampled pixels in a scanline is given by
     * <p>
     * <code>truncate[(width - subsamplingXOffset + sourceXSubsampling - 1)
     * / sourceXSubsampling]</code>.
     * <p>
     * If the region is such that this width is zero, an 
     * <code>IllegalStateException</code> is thrown.
     * <p> 
     * The number of scanlines to be used can be computed similarly.
     *
     * <p>The ability to set the subsampling grid to start somewhere
     * other than the source region origin is useful if the 
     * region is being used to create subsampled tiles of a large image, 
     * where the tile width and height are not multiples of the 
     * subsampling periods.  If the subsampling grid does not remain
     * consistent from tile to tile, there will be artifacts at the tile
     * boundaries.  By adjusting the subsampling grid offset for each
     * tile to compensate, these artifacts can be avoided.  The tradeoff
     * is that in order to avoid these artifacts, the tiles are not all
     * the same size.  The grid offset to use in this case is given by:
     * <br>
     * grid offset = [period - (region offset modulo period)] modulo period)
     *
     * <p> If either <code>sourceXSubsampling</code> or
     * <code>sourceYSubsampling</code> is 0 or negative, an
     * <code>IllegalArgumentException</code> will be thrown.
     *
     * <p> If either <code>subsamplingXOffset</code> or
     * <code>subsamplingYOffset</code> is negative or greater than or
     * equal to the corresponding period, an 
     * <code>IllegalArgumentException</code> will be thrown.
     *
     * <p> There is no <code>unsetSourceSubsampling</code> method;
     * simply call <code>setSourceSubsampling(1, 1, 0, 0)</code> to
     * restore default values.
     *
     * @param sourceXSubsampling the number of columns to advance
     * between pixels.
     * @param sourceYSubsampling the number of rows to advance between
     * pixels.
     * @param subsamplingXOffset the horizontal offset of the first subsample
     * within the region, or within the image if no region is set.
     * @param subsamplingYOffset the horizontal offset of the first subsample
     * within the region, or within the image if no region is set.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if either period is
     * negative or 0, or if either grid offset is negative or greater than
     * the corresponding period.
     * @exception IllegalStateException if the source region is such that
     * the subsampled output would contain no pixels.
     */
    public void setSourceSubsampling(int sourceXSubsampling,
                                     int sourceYSubsampling,
                                     int subsamplingXOffset,
                                     int subsamplingYOffset) {
        if (sourceXSubsampling <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("sourceXSubsampling <= 0!");
        }
        if (sourceYSubsampling <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("sourceYSubsampling <= 0!");
        }
        if (subsamplingXOffset < 0 ||
            subsamplingXOffset >= sourceXSubsampling) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException
                ("subsamplingXOffset out of range!");
        }
        if (subsamplingYOffset < 0 ||
            subsamplingYOffset >= sourceYSubsampling) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException
                ("subsamplingYOffset out of range!");
        }
        
        // Throw an IllegalStateException if region falls between subsamples
        if (sourceRegion != null) {
            if (subsamplingXOffset >= sourceRegion.width ||
                subsamplingYOffset >= sourceRegion.height) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("region contains no pixels!");
            }
        }

        this.sourceXSubsampling = sourceXSubsampling;
        this.sourceYSubsampling = sourceYSubsampling;
        this.subsamplingXOffset = subsamplingXOffset;
        this.subsamplingYOffset = subsamplingYOffset;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of source columns to advance for each pixel.
     *
     * <p>If <code>setSourceSubsampling</code> has not been called, 1
     * is returned (which is the correct value).
     *
     * @return the source subsampling X period.
     *
     * @see #setSourceSubsampling
     * @see #getSourceYSubsampling
     */
    public int getSourceXSubsampling() {
        return sourceXSubsampling;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of rows to advance for each pixel.
     *
     * <p>If <code>setSourceSubsampling</code> has not been called, 1
     * is returned (which is the correct value).
     *
     * @return the source subsampling Y period.
     *
     * @see #setSourceSubsampling
     * @see #getSourceXSubsampling
     */
    public int getSourceYSubsampling() {
        return sourceYSubsampling;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the horizontal offset of the subsampling grid.
     *
     * <p>If <code>setSourceSubsampling</code> has not been called, 0
     * is returned (which is the correct value).
     *
     * @return the source subsampling grid X offset.
     *
     * @see #setSourceSubsampling
     * @see #getSubsamplingYOffset
     */
    public int getSubsamplingXOffset() {
        return subsamplingXOffset;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the vertical offset of the subsampling grid.
     *
     * <p>If <code>setSourceSubsampling</code> has not been called, 0
     * is returned (which is the correct value).
     *
     * @return the source subsampling grid Y offset.
     *
     * @see #setSourceSubsampling
     * @see #getSubsamplingXOffset
     */
    public int getSubsamplingYOffset() {
        return subsamplingYOffset;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the indices of the source bands to be used.  Duplicate
     * indices are not allowed.
     *
     * <p> A <code>null</code> value indicates that all source bands
     * will be used.
     * 
     * <p> At the time of reading, an
     * <code>IllegalArgumentException</code> will be thrown by the
     * reader or writer if a value larger than the largest available
     * source band index has been specified or if the number of source
     * bands and destination bands to be used differ.  The
     * <code>ImageReader.checkReadParamBandSettings</code> method may
     * be used to automate this test.
     *
     * <p> Semantically, a copy is made of the array; changes to the
     * array contents subsequent to this call have no effect on
     * this <code>IIOParam</code>.
     *
     * @param sourceBands an array of integer band indices to be
     * used.
     *
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if <code>sourceBands</code>
     * contains a negative or duplicate value.
     *
     * @see #getSourceBands
     * @see ImageReadParam#setDestinationBands
     * @see ImageReader#checkReadParamBandSettings
     */
    public void setSourceBands(int[] sourceBands) {
        if (sourceBands == null) {
            this.sourceBands = null;
        } else {
            int numBands = sourceBands.length;
            for (int i = 0; i < numBands; i++) {
                int band = sourceBands[i];
                if (band < 0) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Band value < 0!");
                }
                for (int j = i + 1; j < numBands; j++) {
                    if (band == sourceBands[j]) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Duplicate band value!");
                    }
                }
                
            }
            this.sourceBands = (int[])(sourceBands.clone());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the set of of source bands to be used. The returned
     * value is that set by the most recent call to
     * <code>setSourceBands</code>, or <code>null</code> if there have
     * been no calls to <code>setSourceBands</code>.
     *
     * <p> Semantically, the array returned is a copy; changes to
     * array contents subsequent to this call have no effect on this
     * <code>IIOParam</code>.
     *
     * @return the set of source bands to be used, or
     * <code>null</code>.
     *
     * @see #setSourceBands
     */
    public int[] getSourceBands() {
        if (sourceBands == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return (int[])(sourceBands.clone());
    }

    /**
     * Sets the desired image type for the destination image, using an
     * <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code>.
     *
     * <p> When reading, if the layout of the destination has been set
     * using this method, each call to an <code>ImageReader</code>
     * <code>read</code> method will return a new
     * <code>BufferedImage</code> using the format specified by the
     * supplied type specifier.  As a side effect, any destination
     * <code>BufferedImage</code> set by
     * <code>ImageReadParam.setDestination(BufferedImage)</code> will
     * no longer be set as the destination.  In other words, this
     * method may be thought of as calling
     * <code>setDestination((BufferedImage)null)</code>.
     *
     * <p> When writing, the destination type maybe used to determine
     * the color type of the image.  The <code>SampleModel</code>
     * information will be ignored, and may be <code>null</code>.  For
     * example, a 4-banded image could represent either CMYK or RGBA
     * data.  If a destination type is set, its
     * <code>ColorModel</code> will override any
     * <code>ColorModel</code> on the image itself.  This is crucial
     * when <code>setSourceBands</code> is used since the image's
     * <code>ColorModel</code> will refer to the entire image rather
     * than to the subset of bands being written.
     *
     * @param destinationType the <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> to
     * be used to determine the destination layout and color type.
     *
     * @see #getDestinationType
     */
    public void setDestinationType(ImageTypeSpecifier destinationType) {
        this.destinationType = destinationType;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the type of image to be returned by the read, if one
     * was set by a call to
     * <code>setDestination(ImageTypeSpecifier)</code>, as an
     * <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code>.  If none was set,
     * <code>null</code> is returned.
     *
     * @return an <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> describing the
     * destination type, or <code>null</code>.
     *
     * @see #setDestinationType
     */
    public ImageTypeSpecifier getDestinationType() {
        return destinationType;
    }

    /**
     * Specifies the offset in the destination image at which future
     * decoded pixels are to be placed, when reading, or where a
     * region will be written, when writing.
     *
     * <p> When reading, the region to be written within the
     * destination <code>BufferedImage</code> will start at this
     * offset and have a width and height determined by the source
     * region of interest, the subsampling parameters, and the
     * destination bounds.
     *
     * <p> Normal writes are not affected by this method, only writes
     * performed using <code>ImageWriter.replacePixels</code>.  For
     * such writes, the offset specified is within the output stream
     * image whose pixels are being modified.
     *
     * <p> There is no <code>unsetDestinationOffset</code> method;
     * simply call <code>setDestinationOffset(new Point(0, 0))</code> to
     * restore default values.
     *
     * @param destinationOffset the offset in the destination, as a
     * <code>Point</code>.
     *
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if
     * <code>destinationOffset</code> is <code>null</code>.
     *
     * @see #getDestinationOffset
     * @see ImageWriter#replacePixels
     */
    public void setDestinationOffset(Point destinationOffset) {
        if (destinationOffset == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("destinationOffset == null!");
        }
        this.destinationOffset = (Point)destinationOffset.clone();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the offset in the destination image at which pixels are
     * to be placed.
     *
     * <p> If <code>setDestinationOffsets</code> has not been called,
     * a <code>Point</code> with zero X and Y values is returned
     * (which is the correct value).
     *
     * @return the destination offset as a <code>Point</code>.
     *
     * @see #setDestinationOffset
     */
    public Point getDestinationOffset() {
        return (Point)destinationOffset.clone();
    }

    /**
     * Sets the <code>IIOParamController</code> to be used
     * to provide settings for this <code>IIOParam</code>
     * object when the <code>activateController</code> method
     * is called, overriding any default controller.  If the
     * argument is <code>null</code>, no controller will be
     * used, including any default.  To restore the default, use
     * <code>setController(getDefaultController())</code>.
     *
     * @param controller An appropriate 
     * <code>IIOParamController</code>, or <code>null</code>.
     *
     * @see IIOParamController
     * @see #getController
     * @see #getDefaultController
     * @see #hasController
     * @see #activateController()
     */
    public void setController(IIOParamController controller) {
        this.controller = controller;
    }

    /**
     * Returns whatever <code>IIOParamController</code> is currently
     * installed.  This could be the default if there is one, 
     * <code>null</code>, or the argument of the most recent call
     * to <code>setController</code>.
     *
     * @return the currently installed
     * <code>IIOParamController</code>, or <code>null</code>.
     *
     * @see IIOParamController
     * @see #setController
     * @see #getDefaultController
     * @see #hasController
     * @see #activateController()
     */
    public IIOParamController getController() {
        return controller;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the default <code>IIOParamController</code>, if there
     * is one, regardless of the currently installed controller.  If
     * there is no default controller, returns <code>null</code>.
     *
     * @return the default <code>IIOParamController</code>, or
     * <code>null</code>.
     *
     * @see IIOParamController
     * @see #setController(IIOParamController)
     * @see #getController
     * @see #hasController
     * @see #activateController()
     */
    public IIOParamController getDefaultController() {
        return defaultController;
    }

    /**
     * Returns <code>true</code> if there is a controller installed
     * for this <code>IIOParam</code> object.  This will return
     * <code>true</code> if <code>getController</code> would not
     * return <code>null</code>.
     *
     * @return <code>true</code> if a controller is installed.
     *
     * @see IIOParamController
     * @see #setController(IIOParamController)
     * @see #getController
     * @see #getDefaultController
     * @see #activateController()
     */
    public boolean hasController() {
        return (controller != null);
    }

    /**
     * Activates the installed <code>IIOParamController</code> for
     * this <code>IIOParam</code> object and returns the resulting
     * value.  When this method returns <code>true</code>, all values
     * for this <code>IIOParam</code> object will be ready for the
     * next read or write operation.  If <code>false</code> is
     * returned, no settings in this object will have been disturbed
     * (<i>i.e.</i>, the user canceled the operation).
     *
     * <p> Ordinarily, the controller will be a GUI providing a user
     * interface for a subclass of <code>IIOParam</code> for a
     * particular plug-in.  Controllers need not be GUIs, however.
     *
     * @return <code>true</code> if the controller completed normally.
     *
     * @exception IllegalStateException if there is no controller
     * currently installed.
     *
     * @see IIOParamController
     * @see #setController(IIOParamController)
     * @see #getController
     * @see #getDefaultController
     * @see #hasController
     */
    public boolean activateController() {
        if (!hasController()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("hasController() == false!");
        }
        return getController().activate(this);
    }
}
