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## java.util
Class ResourceBundle

    java.lang.Object
      java.util.ResourceBundle

Direct Known Subclasses:
  ListResourceBundle, PropertyResourceBundle

    public abstract class ResourceBundle

extends Object

Resource bundles contain locale-specific objects. When your program needs a locale-specific resource, a `String` for example, your program can load it from the resource bundle that is appropriate for the current user's locale. In this way, you can write program code that is largely independent of the user's locale isolating most, if not all, of the locale-specific information in resource bundles.

This allows you to write programs that can:

- be easily localized, or translated, into different languages
- handle multiple locales at once
- be easily modified later to support even more locales

Resource bundles belong to families whose members share a common base name, but whose names also have additional components that identify their locales. For example, the base name of a family of resource bundles might be "MyResources". The family should have a default resource bundle which simply has the same name as its family - "MyResources" - and will be used as the bundle of last resort if a specific locale is not supported. The family can then provide as many locale-specific members as needed, for example a German one named "MyResources_de".

Each resource bundle in a family contains the same items, but the items have been translated for the locale represented by that resource bundle. For example, both "MyResources" and "MyResources_de" may have a `String` that's used on a button for canceling operations. In "MyResources" the `String` may contain "Cancel" and in "MyResources_de" it may contain "Abbrechen".

If there are different resources for different countries, you can make specializations: for example, "MyResources_de_CH" contains objects for the German language (de) in Switzerland (CH). If you want to only modify some of the resources in the specialization, you can do so.

When your program needs a locale-specific object, it loads the `ResourceBundle` class using the `getBundle` method:

>      ResourceBundle myResources =
>           ResourceBundle.getBundle("MyResources", currentLocale);

Resource bundles contain key/value pairs. The keys uniquely identify a locale-specific object in the bundle. Here's an example of a `ListResourceBundle` that contains two key/value pairs:

>      public class MyResources extends ListResourceBundle {
>          protected Object[][] getContents() {
>              return new Object[][] {
>                  // LOCALIZE THE SECOND STRING OF EACH ARRAY (e.g., "OK")
>                  {"OkKey", "OK"},
>                  {"CancelKey", "Cancel"},
>                  // END OF MATERIAL TO LOCALIZE
>             };
>          }
>      }

Keys are always `String`s. In this example, the keys are "OkKey" and "CancelKey". In the above example, the values are also `String`s--"OK" and "Cancel"--but they don't have to be. The values can be any type of object.

You retrieve an object from resource bundle using the appropriate getter method. Because "OkKey" and "CancelKey" are both strings, you would use `getString` to retrieve them:

>      button1 = new Button(myResources.getString("OkKey"));
>      button2 = new Button(myResources.getString("CancelKey"));

The getter methods all require the key as an argument and return the object if found. If the object is not found, the getter method throws a `MissingResourceException`.

Besides `getString`, `ResourceBundle` also provides a method for getting string arrays, `getStringArray`, as well as a generic `getObject` method for any other type of object. When using `getObject`, you'll have to cast the result to the appropriate type. For example:

>      int[] myIntegers = (int[]) myResources.getObject("intList");

The Java Platform provides two subclasses of `ResourceBundle`, `ListResourceBundle` and `PropertyResourceBundle`, that provide a fairly simple way to create resources. As you saw briefly in a previous example, `ListResourceBundle` manages its resource as a list of key/value pairs. `PropertyResourceBundle` uses a properties file to manage its resources.

If `ListResourceBundle` or `PropertyResourceBundle` do not suit your needs, you can write your own `ResourceBundle` subclass. Your subclasses must override two methods: `handleGetObject` and `getKeys()`.

#### ResourceBundle.Control

The `ResourceBundle.Control` class provides information necessary to perform the bundle loading process by the `getBundle` factory methods that take a `ResourceBundle.Control` instance. You can implement your own subclass in order to enable non-standard resource bundle formats, change the search strategy, or define caching parameters. Refer to the descriptions of the class and the `getBundle` factory method for details.

#### Cache Management

Resource bundle instances created by the `getBundle` factory methods are cached by default, and the factory methods return the same resource bundle instance multiple times if it has been cached. `getBundle` clients may clear the cache, manage the lifetime of cached resource bundle instances using time-to-live values, or specify not to cache resource bundle instances. Refer to the descriptions of the `getBundle` factory method, `clearCache`, `ResourceBundle.Control.getTimeToLive`, and `ResourceBundle.Control.needsReload` for details.

#### Example

The following is a very simple example of a `ResourceBundle` subclass, `MyResources`, that manages two resources (for a larger number of resources you would probably use a `Map`). Notice that you don't need to supply a value if a "parent-level" `ResourceBundle` handles the same key with the same value (as for the okKey below).

>      // default (English language, United States)
>      public class MyResources extends ResourceBundle {
>          public Object handleGetObject(String key) {
>              if (key.equals("okKey")) return "Ok";
>              if (key.equals("cancelKey")) return "Cancel";
>              return null;
>          }

>          public Enumeration<String> getKeys() {
>              return Collections.enumeration(keySet());
>          }

>          // Overrides handleKeySet() so that the getKeys() implementation
>          // can rely on the keySet() value.
>          protected Set<String> handleKeySet() {
>              return new HashSet<String>(Arrays.asList("okKey", "cancelKey"));
>          }
>      }

>      // German language
>      public class MyResources_de extends MyResources {
>          public Object handleGetObject(String key) {
>              // don't need okKey, since parent level handles it.
>              if (key.equals("cancelKey")) return "Abbrechen";
>              return null;
>          }

>          protected Set<String> handleKeySet() {
>              return new HashSet<String>(Arrays.asList("cancelKey"));
>          }
>      }

You do not have to restrict yourself to using a single family of `ResourceBundle`s. For example, you could have a set of bundles for exception messages, `ExceptionResources` (`ExceptionResources_fr`, `ExceptionResources_de`, ...), and one for widgets, `WidgetResource` (`WidgetResources_fr`, `WidgetResources_de`, ...); breaking up the resources however you like.

Since:
  JDK1.1
See Also:
  `ListResourceBundle`, `PropertyResourceBundle`, `MissingResourceException`

Nested Class Summary
`static class` | `ResourceBundle.Control` `ResourceBundle.Control` defines a set of callback methods that are invoked by the `ResourceBundle.getBundle` factory methods during the bundle loading process.

Field Summary
`protected ResourceBundle` | `parent` The parent bundle of this bundle.

Constructor Summary
`ResourceBundle()` Sole constructor.

Method Summary
`static void` | `clearCache()` Removes all resource bundles from the cache that have been loaded using the caller's class loader.
`static void` | `clearCache(ClassLoader loader)` Removes all resource bundles from the cache that have been loaded using the given class loader.
`boolean` | `containsKey(String key)` Determines whether the given `key` is contained in this `ResourceBundle` or its parent bundles.
`static ResourceBundle` | `getBundle(String baseName)` Gets a resource bundle using the specified base name, the default locale, and the caller's class loader.
`static ResourceBundle` | `getBundle(String baseName, Locale locale)` Gets a resource bundle using the specified base name and locale, and the caller's class loader.
`static ResourceBundle` | `getBundle(String baseName, Locale locale, ClassLoader loader)` Gets a resource bundle using the specified base name, locale, and class loader.
`static ResourceBundle` | `getBundle(String baseName, Locale targetLocale, ClassLoader loader, ResourceBundle.Control control)` Returns a resource bundle using the specified base name, target locale, class loader and control.
`static ResourceBundle` | `getBundle(String baseName, Locale targetLocale, ResourceBundle.Control control)` Returns a resource bundle using the specified base name, target locale and control, and the caller's class loader.
`static ResourceBundle` | `getBundle(String baseName, ResourceBundle.Control control)` Returns a resource bundle using the specified base name, the default locale and the specified control.
`abstract Enumeration<String>` | `getKeys()` Returns an enumeration of the keys.
`Locale` | `getLocale()` Returns the locale of this resource bundle.
`Object` | `getObject(String key)` Gets an object for the given key from this resource bundle or one of its parents.
`String` | `getString(String key)` Gets a string for the given key from this resource bundle or one of its parents.
`String[]` | `getStringArray(String key)` Gets a string array for the given key from this resource bundle or one of its parents.
`protected abstract Object` | `handleGetObject(String key)` Gets an object for the given key from this resource bundle.
`protected Set<String>` | `handleKeySet()` Returns a `Set` of the keys contained only in this `ResourceBundle`.
`Set<String>` | `keySet()` Returns a `Set` of all keys contained in this `ResourceBundle` and its parent bundles.
`protected void` | `setParent(ResourceBundle parent)` Sets the parent bundle of this bundle.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Field Detail

### parent

    protected ResourceBundle parent

  The parent bundle of this bundle. The parent bundle is searched by `getObject` when this bundle does not contain a particular resource.

Constructor Detail

### ResourceBundle

    public ResourceBundle()

  Sole constructor. (For invocation by subclass constructors, typically implicit.)

Method Detail

### getString

    public final String getString(String key)

  Gets a string for the given key from this resource bundle or one of its parents. Calling this method is equivalent to calling

  > `(String) `getObject`(key)`.

  Parameters:
    `key` - the key for the desired string
  Returns:
    the string for the given key
  Throws:
    `NullPointerException` - if `key` is `null`
    `MissingResourceException` - if no object for the given key can be found
    `ClassCastException` - if the object found for the given key is not a string

### getStringArray

    public final String[] getStringArray(String key)

  Gets a string array for the given key from this resource bundle or one of its parents. Calling this method is equivalent to calling

  > `(String[]) `getObject`(key)`.

  Parameters:
    `key` - the key for the desired string array
  Returns:
    the string array for the given key
  Throws:
    `NullPointerException` - if `key` is `null`
    `MissingResourceException` - if no object for the given key can be found
    `ClassCastException` - if the object found for the given key is not a string array

### getObject

    public final Object getObject(String key)

  Gets an object for the given key from this resource bundle or one of its parents. This method first tries to obtain the object from this resource bundle using `handleGetObject`. If not successful, and the parent resource bundle is not null, it calls the parent's `getObject` method. If still not successful, it throws a MissingResourceException.

  Parameters:
    `key` - the key for the desired object
  Returns:
    the object for the given key
  Throws:
    `NullPointerException` - if `key` is `null`
    `MissingResourceException` - if no object for the given key can be found

### getLocale

    public Locale getLocale()

  Returns the locale of this resource bundle. This method can be used after a call to getBundle() to determine whether the resource bundle returned really corresponds to the requested locale or is a fallback.

  Returns:
    the locale of this resource bundle

### setParent

    protected void setParent(ResourceBundle parent)

  Sets the parent bundle of this bundle. The parent bundle is searched by `getObject` when this bundle does not contain a particular resource.

  Parameters:
    `parent` - this bundle's parent bundle.

### getBundle

    public static final ResourceBundle getBundle(String baseName)

  Gets a resource bundle using the specified base name, the default locale, and the caller's class loader. Calling this method is equivalent to calling

  > `getBundle(baseName, Locale.getDefault(), this.getClass().getClassLoader())`,

  except that `getClassLoader()` is run with the security privileges of `ResourceBundle`. See `getBundle` for a complete description of the search and instantiation strategy.

  Parameters:
    `baseName` - the base name of the resource bundle, a fully qualified class name
  Returns:
    a resource bundle for the given base name and the default locale
  Throws:
    `NullPointerException` - if `baseName` is `null`
    `MissingResourceException` - if no resource bundle for the specified base name can be found

### getBundle

    public static final ResourceBundle getBundle(String baseName,
                                                 ResourceBundle.Control control)

  Returns a resource bundle using the specified base name, the default locale and the specified control. Calling this method is equivalent to calling

       getBundle(baseName, Locale.getDefault(),
                 this.getClass().getClassLoader(), control),

  except that `getClassLoader()` is run with the security privileges of `ResourceBundle`. See `getBundle` for the complete description of the resource bundle loading process with a `ResourceBundle.Control`.

  Parameters:
    `baseName` - the base name of the resource bundle, a fully qualified class name
    `control` - the control which gives information for the resource bundle loading process
  Returns:
    a resource bundle for the given base name and the default locale
  Throws:
    `NullPointerException` - if `baseName` or `control` is `null`
    `MissingResourceException` - if no resource bundle for the specified base name can be found
    `IllegalArgumentException` - if the given `control` doesn't perform properly (e.g., `control.getCandidateLocales` returns null.) Note that validation of `control` is performed as needed.
  Since:
    1.6

### getBundle

    public static final ResourceBundle getBundle(String baseName,
                                                 Locale locale)

  Gets a resource bundle using the specified base name and locale, and the caller's class loader. Calling this method is equivalent to calling

  > `getBundle(baseName, locale, this.getClass().getClassLoader())`,

  except that `getClassLoader()` is run with the security privileges of `ResourceBundle`. See `getBundle` for a complete description of the search and instantiation strategy.

  Parameters:
    `baseName` - the base name of the resource bundle, a fully qualified class name
    `locale` - the locale for which a resource bundle is desired
  Returns:
    a resource bundle for the given base name and locale
  Throws:
    `NullPointerException` - if `baseName` or `locale` is `null`
    `MissingResourceException` - if no resource bundle for the specified base name can be found

### getBundle

    public static final ResourceBundle getBundle(String baseName,
                                                 Locale targetLocale,
                                                 ResourceBundle.Control control)

  Returns a resource bundle using the specified base name, target locale and control, and the caller's class loader. Calling this method is equivalent to calling

       getBundle(baseName, targetLocale, this.getClass().getClassLoader(),
                 control),

  except that `getClassLoader()` is run with the security privileges of `ResourceBundle`. See `getBundle` for the complete description of the resource bundle loading process with a `ResourceBundle.Control`.

  Parameters:
    `baseName` - the base name of the resource bundle, a fully qualified class name
    `targetLocale` - the locale for which a resource bundle is desired
    `control` - the control which gives information for the resource bundle loading process
  Returns:
    a resource bundle for the given base name and a `Locale` in `locales`
  Throws:
    `NullPointerException` - if `baseName`, `locales` or `control` is `null`
    `MissingResourceException` - if no resource bundle for the specified base name in any of the `locales` can be found.
    `IllegalArgumentException` - if the given `control` doesn't perform properly (e.g., `control.getCandidateLocales` returns null.) Note that validation of `control` is performed as needed.
  Since:
    1.6

### getBundle

    public static ResourceBundle getBundle(String baseName,
                                           Locale locale,
                                           ClassLoader loader)

  Gets a resource bundle using the specified base name, locale, and class loader.

  Conceptually, `getBundle` uses the following strategy for locating and instantiating resource bundles:

  `getBundle` uses the base name, the specified locale, and the default locale (obtained from `Locale.getDefault`) to generate a sequence of candidate bundle names. If the specified locale's language, country, and variant are all empty strings, then the base name is the only candidate bundle name. Otherwise, the following sequence is generated from the attribute values of the specified locale (language1, country1, and variant1) and of the default locale (language2, country2, and variant2):

  - baseName + "_" + language1 + "_" + country1 + "_" + variant1
  - baseName + "_" + language1 + "_" + country1
  - baseName + "_" + language1
  - baseName + "_" + language2 + "_" + country2 + "_" + variant2
  - baseName + "_" + language2 + "_" + country2
  - baseName + "_" + language2
  - baseName

  Candidate bundle names where the final component is an empty string are omitted. For example, if country1 is an empty string, the second candidate bundle name is omitted.

  `getBundle` then iterates over the candidate bundle names to find the first one for which it can instantiate an actual resource bundle. For each candidate bundle name, it attempts to create a resource bundle:

  - First, it attempts to load a class using the candidate bundle name. If such a class can be found and loaded using the specified class loader, is assignment compatible with ResourceBundle, is accessible from ResourceBundle, and can be instantiated, `getBundle` creates a new instance of this class and uses it as the result resource bundle.
  - Otherwise, `getBundle` attempts to locate a property resource file. It generates a path name from the candidate bundle name by replacing all "." characters with "/" and appending the string ".properties". It attempts to find a "resource" with this name using `ClassLoader.getResource`. (Note that a "resource" in the sense of `getResource` has nothing to do with the contents of a resource bundle, it is just a container of data, such as a file.) If it finds a "resource", it attempts to create a new `PropertyResourceBundle` instance from its contents. If successful, this instance becomes the result resource bundle.

  If no result resource bundle has been found, a `MissingResourceException` is thrown.

  Once a result resource bundle has been found, its parent chain is instantiated. `getBundle` iterates over the candidate bundle names that can be obtained by successively removing variant, country, and language (each time with the preceding "_") from the bundle name of the result resource bundle. As above, candidate bundle names where the final component is an empty string are omitted. With each of the candidate bundle names it attempts to instantiate a resource bundle, as described above. Whenever it succeeds, it calls the previously instantiated resource bundle's `setParent` method with the new resource bundle, unless the previously instantiated resource bundle already has a non-null parent.

  `getBundle` caches instantiated resource bundles and may return the same resource bundle instance multiple times.

  The `baseName` argument should be a fully qualified class name. However, for compatibility with earlier versions, Sun's Java SE Runtime Environments do not verify this, and so it is possible to access `PropertyResourceBundle`s by specifying a path name (using "/") instead of a fully qualified class name (using ".").

  Example:
  The following class and property files are provided:

           MyResources.class
           MyResources.properties
           MyResources_fr.properties
           MyResources_fr_CH.class
           MyResources_fr_CH.properties
           MyResources_en.properties
           MyResources_es_ES.class

  The contents of all files are valid (that is, public non-abstract subclasses of `ResourceBundle` for the ".class" files, syntactically correct ".properties" files). The default locale is `Locale("en", "GB")`.

  Calling `getBundle` with the shown locale argument values instantiates resource bundles from the following sources:

  - Locale("fr", "CH"): result MyResources_fr_CH.class, parent MyResources_fr.properties, parent MyResources.class
  - Locale("fr", "FR"): result MyResources_fr.properties, parent MyResources.class
  - Locale("de", "DE"): result MyResources_en.properties, parent MyResources.class
  - Locale("en", "US"): result MyResources_en.properties, parent MyResources.class
  - Locale("es", "ES"): result MyResources_es_ES.class, parent MyResources.class

  The file MyResources_fr_CH.properties is never used because it is hidden by MyResources_fr_CH.class. Likewise, MyResources.properties is also hidden by MyResources.class.

  Parameters:
    `baseName` - the base name of the resource bundle, a fully qualified class name
    `locale` - the locale for which a resource bundle is desired
    `loader` - the class loader from which to load the resource bundle
  Returns:
    a resource bundle for the given base name and locale
  Throws:
    `NullPointerException` - if `baseName`, `locale`, or `loader` is `null`
    `MissingResourceException` - if no resource bundle for the specified base name can be found
  Since:
    1.2

### getBundle

    public static ResourceBundle getBundle(String baseName,
                                           Locale targetLocale,
                                           ClassLoader loader,
                                           ResourceBundle.Control control)

  Returns a resource bundle using the specified base name, target locale, class loader and control. Unlike the `getBundle` factory methods with no `control` argument, the given `control` specifies how to locate and instantiate resource bundles. Conceptually, the bundle loading process with the given `control` is performed in the following steps.

  1. This factory method looks up the resource bundle in the cache for the specified `baseName`, `targetLocale` and `loader`. If the requested resource bundle instance is found in the cache and the time-to-live periods of the instance and all of its parent instances have not expired, the instance is returned to the caller. Otherwise, this factory method proceeds with the loading process below.
  2. The `control.getFormats` method is called to get resource bundle formats to produce bundle or resource names. The strings `"java.class"` and `"java.properties"` designate class-based and property-based resource bundles, respectively. Other strings starting with `"java."` are reserved for future extensions and must not be used for application-defined formats. Other strings designate application-defined formats.
  3. The `control.getCandidateLocales` method is called with the target locale to get a list of candidate `Locale`s for which resource bundles are searched.
  4. The `control.newBundle` method is called to instantiate a `ResourceBundle` for the base bundle name, a candidate locale, and a format. (Refer to the note on the cache lookup below.) This step is iterated over all combinations of the candidate locales and formats until the `newBundle` method returns a `ResourceBundle` instance or the iteration has used up all the combinations. For example, if the candidate locales are `Locale("de", "DE")`, `Locale("de")` and `Locale("")` and the formats are `"java.class"` and `"java.properties"`, then the following is the sequence of locale-format combinations to be used to call `control.newBundle`.

     `
     Locale | format
     Locale("de", "DE") | java.class
     Locale("de", "DE") | java.properties
     Locale("de") | java.class
     Locale("de") | java.properties
     Locale("") | java.class
     Locale("") | java.properties
     `

  5. If the previous step has found no resource bundle, proceed to Step 6. If a bundle has been found that is a base bundle (a bundle for `Locale("")`), and the candidate locale list only contained `Locale("")`, return the bundle to the caller. If a bundle has been found that is a base bundle, but the candidate locale list contained locales other than Locale(""), put the bundle on hold and proceed to Step 6. If a bundle has been found that is not a base bundle, proceed to Step 7.
  6. The `control.getFallbackLocale` method is called to get a fallback locale (alternative to the current target locale) to try further finding a resource bundle. If the method returns a non-null locale, it becomes the next target locale and the loading process starts over from Step 3. Otherwise, if a base bundle was found and put on hold in a previous Step 5, it is returned to the caller now. Otherwise, a MissingResourceException is thrown.
  7. At this point, we have found a resource bundle that's not the base bundle. If this bundle set its parent during its instantiation, it is returned to the caller. Otherwise, its parent chain is instantiated based on the list of candidate locales from which it was found. Finally, the bundle is returned to the caller.

  During the resource bundle loading process above, this factory method looks up the cache before calling the `control.newBundle` method. If the time-to-live period of the resource bundle found in the cache has expired, the factory method calls the `control.needsReload` method to determine whether the resource bundle needs to be reloaded. If reloading is required, the factory method calls `control.newBundle` to reload the resource bundle. If `control.newBundle` returns `null`, the factory method puts a dummy resource bundle in the cache as a mark of nonexistent resource bundles in order to avoid lookup overhead for subsequent requests. Such dummy resource bundles are under the same expiration control as specified by `control`.

  All resource bundles loaded are cached by default. Refer to `control.getTimeToLive` for details.

  The following is an example of the bundle loading process with the default `ResourceBundle.Control` implementation.

  Conditions:

  - Base bundle name: `foo.bar.Messages`
  - Requested `Locale`: `Locale.ITALY`
  - Default `Locale`: `Locale.FRENCH`
  - Available resource bundles: `foo/bar/Messages_fr.properties` and `foo/bar/Messages.properties`

  First, `getBundle` tries loading a resource bundle in the following sequence.

  - class `foo.bar.Messages_it_IT`
  - file `foo/bar/Messages_it_IT.properties`
  - class `foo.bar.Messages_it`
  - file `foo/bar/Messages_it.properties`
  - class `foo.bar.Messages`
  - file `foo/bar/Messages.properties`

  At this point, `getBundle` finds `foo/bar/Messages.properties`, which is put on hold because it's the base bundle. `getBundle` calls `control.getFallbackLocale("foo.bar.Messages", Locale.ITALY)` which returns `Locale.FRENCH`. Next, `getBundle` tries loading a bundle in the following sequence.

  - class `foo.bar.Messages_fr`
  - file `foo/bar/Messages_fr.properties`
  - class `foo.bar.Messages`
  - file `foo/bar/Messages.properties`

  `getBundle` finds `foo/bar/Messages_fr.properties` and creates a `ResourceBundle` instance. Then, `getBundle` sets up its parent chain from the list of the candiate locales. Only `foo/bar/Messages.properties` is found in the list and `getBundle` creates a `ResourceBundle` instance that becomes the parent of the instance for `foo/bar/Messages_fr.properties`.

  Parameters:
    `baseName` - the base name of the resource bundle, a fully qualified class name
    `targetLocale` - the locale for which a resource bundle is desired
    `loader` - the class loader from which to load the resource bundle
    `control` - the control which gives information for the resource bundle loading process
  Returns:
    a resource bundle for the given base name and locale
  Throws:
    `NullPointerException` - if `baseName`, `targetLocale`, `loader`, or `control` is `null`
    `MissingResourceException` - if no resource bundle for the specified base name can be found
    `IllegalArgumentException` - if the given `control` doesn't perform properly (e.g., `control.getCandidateLocales` returns null.) Note that validation of `control` is performed as needed.
  Since:
    1.6

### clearCache

    public static final void clearCache()

  Removes all resource bundles from the cache that have been loaded using the caller's class loader.

  Since:
    1.6
  See Also:
    `ResourceBundle.Control.getTimeToLive(String,Locale)`

### clearCache

    public static final void clearCache(ClassLoader loader)

  Removes all resource bundles from the cache that have been loaded using the given class loader.

  Parameters:
    `loader` - the class loader
  Throws:
    `NullPointerException` - if `loader` is null
  Since:
    1.6
  See Also:
    `ResourceBundle.Control.getTimeToLive(String,Locale)`

### handleGetObject

    protected abstract Object handleGetObject(String key)

  Gets an object for the given key from this resource bundle. Returns null if this resource bundle does not contain an object for the given key.

  Parameters:
    `key` - the key for the desired object
  Returns:
    the object for the given key, or null
  Throws:
    `NullPointerException` - if `key` is `null`

### getKeys

    public abstract Enumeration<String> getKeys()

  Returns an enumeration of the keys.

  Returns:
    an `Enumeration` of the keys contained in this `ResourceBundle` and its parent bundles.

### containsKey

    public boolean containsKey(String key)

  Determines whether the given `key` is contained in this `ResourceBundle` or its parent bundles.

  Parameters:
    `key` - the resource `key`
  Returns:
    `true` if the given `key` is contained in this `ResourceBundle` or its parent bundles; `false` otherwise.
  Throws:
    `NullPointerException` - if `key` is `null`
  Since:
    1.6

### keySet

    public Set<String> keySet()

  Returns a `Set` of all keys contained in this `ResourceBundle` and its parent bundles.

  Returns:
    a `Set` of all keys contained in this `ResourceBundle` and its parent bundles.
  Since:
    1.6

### handleKeySet

    protected Set<String> handleKeySet()

  Returns a `Set` of the keys contained only in this `ResourceBundle`.

  The default implementation returns a `Set` of the keys returned by the `getKeys` method except for the ones for which the `handleGetObject` method returns `null`. Once the `Set` has been created, the value is kept in this `ResourceBundle` in order to avoid producing the same `Set` in the next calls. Override this method in subclass implementations for faster handling.

  Returns:
    a `Set` of the keys contained only in this `ResourceBundle`
  Since:
    1.6

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