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- ºâ½L (Abacus ¡F1300¦~)
- ¥@©Ò¶gª¾ªººâ½L¤j¬ù¦b¦è¤¸1300¦~¥X²{¡F¦Ü©ó¨ä°_·½«h¤w¤£¥i¦Ò¡A¾Ú»¡¬O¦b¦è¤¸«e3000¦~¥Ñ¤Ú¤ñÛ¤H©Òµo©ú
- ³Ì¦±Ä¥Î¤§¤â°Ê¦¡p¼Æ¾¹¡F¦Ü¤µÁٱĥΤ¤
- pºâ¤Ø (Slide rule ¡F1630¦~)
- William Oughtred ¡G^°ê¼Æ¾Ç®a
- ®Ú¾Ú¹ï¼Æªí©Ò³]p (³Ì¦ªº¹ï¼Æªí¬O¦b1614¦~¥ÑĬ®æÄõ¼Æ¾Ç®aJohn Napier©Òµoªí)
- ¥i°õ¦æ¥[¡B´î¡B¼¡B°£¡B«ü¼Æ¡B¤T¨¤¨ç¼Æµ¥¹Bºâ
- pºâ¤Ø¬ùªu¥Î¨ì1970¦~¤~¥Ñpºâ¾¹©Ò¨ú¥N
- ¤Ú´µ¥d¤§pºâ¾¹(Pascal´s Pascaline¡F1642¦~)
- Blaise Pascal¡G¤Q¤E·³ªºªk°ê¼Æ¾Ç¡Bõ¾Ç®a
- ²Ä¤@Ó¾÷±ñ¦¡¥[ªk¾¹ (±Ä¥Î¾¦½ü±ÛÂà¶i¦ì¤è¦¡
- °õ¦æ¥[¹Bºâ)
- ³Ç§Jº¸¼w¤§½s´¾÷(Jacquard´s Loom;1801¦~)
- Joseph-Marie Jacquard¡Gªk°ê¤H
- ±Ä¥Î¥´¤Õªº¥d¤ù¥H±±¨î´¥¬¾÷½s´¹w³]¤§ªá¼Ë
- ¤Ú¨©ªv¤§®t¼Æ¾÷(Babbage´s Difference Engine;1832¦~)
- Charles Babbage¡G^°ê¼C¾ô¤j¾Çªº±Ð±Â
- ®t¼Æ¾÷ªº¥Î³~¬°pºâ®t¼Æªí
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- Charles Babbage©ó1832¦~©Ò»s§@ªº®t¼Æ¾÷Âú«¬(¨ä¬°¤@¥Ü½d¾÷¾¹)¥i¦s3Ó6¦ì¼Æªº¤Q¶i¨î¼Æ(±Ä¥Î¾¦½üµ²ºc)
- ©ó1823¦~¡ACharles Babbage¥Ó½Ð¨ì¬F©²ªº¸É§U¬ã»s®t¼Æ¾÷ ¤@¸¹(¥i¦s7Ó20¦ì¼Æªº¤Q¶i¨î¼Æ¡F¸g¥Ñ§â¤â¾Þ§@¦¹¾÷¾¹)¡C¨ì1842¦~®É®t¼Æ¾÷
¤@¸¹©|¥¼³y¥X¡A¬F©²ªº¸É§U´N³Q¤¤Â_(¦¹p¹º¦@ªá¶O¤F^°ê¬F©²¢G17,000¤ÎCharles Babbage¦Û±Ç¸y¥]ªº¢G20,000)
- ©ó1834¦~¡ACharles Babbage¤§¥t¤@ºc«ä¬°³]p¤ÀªR¾÷(Analytic Engine)¡C®Ú¾Ú¥Lªº³]p¡A¨ä§t¦³µL¼ÆÓ¾¦½ü¤ÎÅX°Ê¾¹(¥iÂл\¾ãÓ¨¬²y³õ)¡A¨ä¥iÀx¦s1,000Ó50¦ì¼Æªº¤Q¶i¨î¼Æ¡A¥Ñ¥´¤Õ¥d¤ù±±¨î¦¹¾÷¾¹¤§¹B§@¡A¥i¦Û°Ê°õ¦æ¥[´î¼°£¹Bºâ¡A60¥[/¤À¡CCharles
Babbage¦V¬F©²¥Ó½Ð·sp¹º»s§@¤§¡A¦ý¾D»é¦^
- ©ó1847¦~¡A Charles Babbage¶}©l³]p®t¼Æ¾÷¤G¸¹(¥i¦s8Ó31¦ì¼Æªº¤Q¶i¨î¼Æ¡F¸g¥Ñ§â¤â¾Þ§@¦¹¾÷¾¹)¡C ©ó1852¦~®Ú¾Ú©Ò§¹¦¨¤§³]p¹Ï¦V¬F©²¥Ó½Ð·sp¹º»s§@¤§¡A¦ý¤´¾D»é¦^¡C
- Charles BabbageÁö½a¨ä²¦¥Í¤O¶q¦ý¤´¥¼³y¥X§¹¾ãªº®t¼Æ¾÷¤Î¤ÀªR¾÷¡F¤£¹L¡A1985¦~¡A^°êÛ´°¬ì¾Ç³Õª«À]pºâ±±¨î³¡ªùªº¤@²Õ¬ã¨s¤Hû®Ú¾ÚCharles
Babbage©Ò§¹¦¨¤§®t¼Æ¾÷¤G¸¹³]p¹Ï¶}©l¥é»s¡C ©ó1991¦~»s³y¥X§¹¾ãªº®t¼Æ¾÷¤G¸¹¡A¨Ã©ó¦P¦~ 11¤ë29¤é¡A¦¨¥\¦apºâ¥X x7 ¨ç¼Æ¤§®t¼Æªí¡C
- ¿é¤J/¿é¥X¡G¤â°Ê¤§§â¤â©Î¦³¤Õ¥d¤ù/Ãþ¦ü¥´¦r¾÷
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11
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- ÀN¼Ö²z´µ¤§»sªí¾÷ (Hollerith´s Tabulating Machine; 1890¦~)
- Herman Hollerith¡G¬ü°ê¤H
- Hollerith »sªí¾÷
- 24®æªº±Æ§Ç¾÷
- §t¦h²Õ¼Ð«×½Lªº¾÷¾¹
- Hollerith©Òµo©úªº»sªí¾÷À³¥Î©ó1890¦~¥þ°ê¤H¤f²Îp¶È¶·2¦~¥b (1880¦~¥þ°ê¤H¤f²Îp¶·8¦~ªøªº®É¶¡)
- IBM¤½¥qªº½Ï¥Í
- 1896¦~ Herman Hollerith¦¨¥ß¤FTabulating Machine Company
- 1911¦~©M¼Æ®a¨ä¥¦¤½¥q¦X¨Ö¦¨Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
- 1924¦~¤½¥qªºÁ`¸g²zThomas J. Watson§ï¤½¥q¦W¬°IBM(International Business Machines
Corporation)
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12
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- ABC pºâ¾÷(Computer; 1942¦~)
- John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Edward Berry¡G·R«XµØ¤j¾Ç¼Æ¾Ç¡Bª«²z±Ð±Â¤Î¬ã¨s¥Í
- ABC ¥Nªí Atanasoff Berry Computer
- ²Ä¤@³¡¼Æ¦ì¹q¤lpºâ¾÷
- ¨Ï¥Î¯uªÅºÞ¡B¤G¶i¨î¡B±ÛÂà°O¾Ð¹ª(1Âà/¬í¡A¦@32y¡A¨Cy¦³51¹q®e¾¹¡A¨C¤@¹q®e¾¹¥Nªí¤@¦ì¤¸)
- °¨§J¤@«¬(Mark I¡F1944¦~)
- Howard Aiken¡G«¢¦ò¤j¾Ç±Ð±Â(¥Ñ IBM¤½¥qÃÙ§U)
- ¬°²Ä¤@³¡¹q¾÷±ñ¦¡pºâ¾÷(¬°«Ü¦h¹q¾÷±ñ¦¡p¼Æ¾¹²Õ¦X¦Ó¦¨¡F°ò¥»¹Bºâì²z¦ü Babbage¤§¤ÀªR¾÷)
- ¤Q¶i¨îpºâ¾÷¡F¨C¤@Ó¤Q¶i¨î¼Æ§t¦³23¦ì¼Æ¥[1¥¿t¸¹
- 60Ó±`¼Æ¼È¦s¾¹(¨C¤@Ó±`¼Æ¼È¦s¾¹¥Ñ24Ó¦U§t¤Q¦ì¸mªº¶}Ãö²Õ¦¨)¡F72ӼȦs¾¹(¨C¤@ӼȦs¾¹¥Ñ24¦U§t¤Q¦ì¸mªºp¼Æ¾¦½ü¤ÎÅX°Ê¦¹¾¦½üªº¾÷±ñ¶Ç°Ê¶b©Ò²Õ¦¨)
- ¥H¦³¤Õ¯È±a±±¨î¾÷¾¹¹BÂà¡F5.7¬í¥i°õ¦æ¤@¦¸¼
- 51§`ªø8§`°ª
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13
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- ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer; 1946¦~)
- John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert¡G»«¦{¤j¾Ç±Ð±Â¤Î¬ã¨s¥Í(¥Ñ¬ü°ê³°xÃÙ§U)
- ¬°²Ä¤@³¡¤j«¬¹q¤lpºâ¾÷
- ¥Î¥Hpºâ¼u¹Dªí®æ
- 18,000Ó¯uªÅºÞ¡F1,500Ä~¹q¾¹
- ¦û¦a30x50¥¤è§`¡B140¤d¥Ë¹q¤O¡B ¨â³¡12°¨¤Oªº§j·¾÷¡B 30¾·«
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- ¨C¤@¤Q¶i¨î¼Æ§t10Ó¤Q¶i¼Æ¤¸
- ¦@¦³20Ó²Ö¿n¾¹¥i¦s20Ó¤Q¶i¨î¼Æ(µL¨ä¥¦¸ê®ÆÀx¦s¾¹)¡C¨C¤@Ó²Ö¿n¾¹¶·500Ó6SN7Âù¤T·¥¯uªÅºÞ(¦s¤@Ó§t10Ó¤Q¶i¼Æ¤¸¤§¤Q¶i¨î¼Æ¶·100Ó¯uªÅºÞ¡A¦A¥[¤W¨ä©P³ò¤§¹q¸ô¦@¶·Ó500¯uªÅºÞ)
- µ{¦¡¬°¥~±µ¦¡¡A¥þ¥Ñ¤â¤u¦b±µ½uªO¤W³]©w§¹¦¨¤§(µù¡G¦b1945¦~¦I¤ú§Q¼Æ¾Ç®aJohn von Neumann³Õ¤h´£¥X¤FÀx¦sµ{¦¡ªº«nÆ[©À)
- 100 Khz ¹B§@ÀW²v
- ¨â¼Æ¬Û¥[³t²v¬°5,000¥[/¬í
- ¿é¤J/¿é¥X¡GŪ¥d¤Õ¾÷¡B¥´¥d¤Õ¾÷¡B ¥´¦r¾÷
- ¥Ñ©ó¯uªÅºÞªº¥§¡¹Ø©R¶È9,000¤p®É¡A¤S¨C¨â¤Ñ´N¥i¯à¦³¤@¯uªÅºÞ¬G»Ù¡A¦]¦Ónºû«ùENIAC¥¿±`³sÂàµÛ¹ê¤£
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- ¶Ç»¡ENIAC¤@¹BÂà·|¨Ï¶O«°¦è³¡ªº¿O¥úÅÜ·t
- UNIVAC I(UNIVersal Automatic Computer ;1951)
- John W. Mauchly ¤Î J. Presper Eckert¬° Remington-Rand Corporation ©Ò¬ã»sªºpºâ¾÷
- ¬°²Ä¤@³¡°Ó¥Îpºâ¾÷¡Gº³¡©ó1951½Ï¥Í¦w¸Ë¦b¬ü°ê¤H¤f´¶¬d§½¹BÂà¤F12¦~
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- 5,000Ó¯uªÅºÞ ¡FÅÞ¿è¹q¸ô¤¤¨Ï¥Î«Ü¦h¤G·¥Åé¡F¥D°O¾ÐÅé±Ä¥Î100±ø¤ô»Èµªi©µ¿ð½u¥Î¥HÀx¦s1,000Ó12¦ì¼Æªº¤Q¶i¨î¼Æ
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- ¿é¤J/¿é¥X¡G±±¨î¥x¤W¶}Ãö¡B ¥´¦r¾÷¡BºÏ±a
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- IBM 650(1954)
- °ê¤º³Ì¦¨Ï¥Î¤§¹q¤lpºâ¾÷¡F¥Ñ¥æ³q¤j¾Ç©Ò¤Þ¶i (¦è¤¸1961¦~)
- IBM¤½¥qì¶È¥´ºâ¥Í²£50³¡650¡A¦ý«á¨Ó¹ê»Ú¤W«o½æ¥X¤F¤@¤d³¡¥H¤W¡C±q¨º®É°_¡AIBM¤½¥q´N¤@ª½©~©ó¥@¬Épºâ¤u·~ªº»â¾É¦a¦ì
- °ò¥»¹q¸ô¤¸¥ó¡G2,800Ó¯uªÅºÞ
- ¤Q¶i¨îpºâ¾÷
- 125 Khz ¹B§@ÀW²v
- ºÏ¹ª(drum)¥D°O¾ÐÅé¡G¥i¦s2,000¦r(10¦ì¼Æ/¦r)
- ¿é¥X¤J³æ¤¸
- «öÁ䥴¥d¤Õ¾÷¡GIBM 026
- Ū¥d¤Õ/¥´¥d¤Õ¾÷
- ²Ö¿n¾¹ªø«×¬°20¦ì¼Æ
- ¶È¦³¾÷¾¹»y¨¥¤Î²Õ¦X»y¨¥¡AµL§@·~¨t²Î
- ¨C¤@«ü¥O§t10¦ì¼Æ(¥[¥¿t¸¹)¦p¤Uz¡G
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- IBM 1620(1959)
- ¤¤¥¡³B²z³æ¤¸
- °ò¥»¹q¸ô¤¸¥ó¡G¹q´¹Åé
- ¨©º¸¹êÅç«Çªº¬ì¾Ç®a J. Bardeem, H. W. Brattain, ¤Î W. Shockley©ó1947µo©ú¤F¹q´¹Å餸¥ó
- 1950¦~¥N¦´Ápºâ¾÷ªº°ò¥»¹q¸ô¤¸¥ó³£±Ä¥Î¯uªÅºÞ¡C³oºØ¤¸¥ó¦³³\¦h¯ÊÂI¡A¨Ò¦p¡A¤j¶qµo¼ö¥i¾a©Ê¤£°ª¡B¦û¥ÎªÅ¶¡¡B¥H¤Î³t²v¤£°÷§Öµ¥µ¥¡F±Ä¥Î¤F¹q´¹Åé§ï¶i¤F³o¨Ç¯ÊÂI
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- ¥D°O¾ÐÅé¡GºÏ°é¡FŪ¥X¶g´Á¬°20·L¬í¡F°ò¥»°O¾ÐÅé®e¶q¬°2¸U¦r¥À (12ºÏ°é±¡F¨C¤@ºÏ°é±¦³1¸UӺϰé¡F 6¦ì¤¸/¦r¥À)¡F¥iÂX¥R¨ì6¸U¦r¥À
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- ±±¨î¥x¥´¦r¾÷¡G¿é¥X³t²v¬°10¦r¥À/¬í
- ¯È±a¾\Ū¾÷¡G¯È±a1^¦T¼e¡F¦³8¸ê®Æy
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- ¥d¤ù/¤À¡F¥´¥d¤Õ³t125¥d¤ù/¤À
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- ¦L¦r¾÷¡G120~600¦æ/¤À¡F120¦r¥À/¦æ
- »²§UºÏºÐ°O¾ÐÅé¡G6ºÐ½L¡FÂà³t¬°1,500 Âà/¬í¡F¥i¦s2¦Ê¸U¦r¥À
- ¨Ï¥Î»y¨¥
- ¾÷¾¹»y¨¥¡G¨C¤@«ü¥O§t12¦r¥À
- ²Õ¦X»y¨¥¡G SPS(Symbolic Programming System)»y¨¥
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- IBM 7090(1960)
- ¤¤¥¡³B²z³æ¤¸
- °ò¥»¹q¸ô¤¸¥ó¡G¹q´¹Åé
- 169°ò¥»«ü¥O
- ¥[¹Bºâ¶·4.5·L¬í
- 3Ó¯Á¤Þ¼È¦s¾¹
- ³z¹L©Ò¿×ªº¸ê®Æ³q¹D(Data Channel)¨Ï±o¿é¥X¤J¤Îpºâ¤u§@±o¥H¦P®É¶i¦æ
- ¥D°O¾ÐÅé¡GºÏ°é(magnetic core)¡F32,000¦r(36¦ì¤¸/¦r)¡FŪ¼g¶g´Á¬°2.18·L¬í
- ¿é¥X¤J³æ¤¸
- Ū¥d¤Õ¾÷/¥´¥d¤Õ¾÷
- ºÏºÐ¾÷/ºÏ¹ª¾÷
- ¦Lªí¾÷
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- ¨Ï¥Î»y¨¥
- IBM 7094 I/7094 II¬°IBM 7090¤§¼W±j«¬¡F¦ÓIBM 7040«h¬°IBM 7090¤§¸gÀÙ«¬
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19
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- PDP-8(1965)
- 1965}¦N¦h¤½¥q(Digital Equipment Corporation)©Ò±À¥Xªº¤p«¬°g§A¹q¸£ PDP-8¨Ï±opºâ¾÷ªº»ù®æ¤j°¥¿¦nº¡¨¬¤F°Ó·~¤W¤Î¬ì¾ÇÀ³¥Î¤Wªº¶·¨D
- ¤¤¥¡³B²z³æ¤¸
- °ò¥»¹q¸ô¤¸¥ó¡G¹q´¹Åé
- 35«ü¥O¡A¨C«ü¥O§t3¦ì¤¸ªº¹Bºâ½X¡B1¦ì¤¸ªºª½±µ/¶¡±µ¦í§}¼Ò¦¡½X¡B 1¦ì¤¸ªº²Ä0¶/¦¹¶¦í§}¼Ò¦¡½X ¡B¤Î7¦ì¤¸ªº¶¦í§}½X
- 1Óõì¥[¾¹¡B°O¾Ð¦ì§}8¦Ü15¥i·í¦¨8Ó¯Á¤Þ¼È¦s¾¹
- ¥D°O¾ÐÅé¡GºÏ°é(magnetic core)¡F 12ºÏ°é±¡F¥i¦s4,096¦r(12¦ì¤¸/¦r)µ¥¤À¦¨32¶(128¦r/¶)¡FŪ¼g¶g´Á¬°1.5·L¬í
- ¿é¥X¤J³æ¤¸
- ¯È±a¾÷¡G 300¦r¥À/¬í(Ū¤Õ)¡F100¦r¥À/¬í(¥´¤Õ)¡F8¦ì¤¸/¦r¥À
- Ū¥d¤Õ/¥´¥d¤Õ¾÷¡GŪ³t¬ù300¥d¤ù/¤À¡F¥´¥d¤Õ³t100¥d¤ù/¤À
- ¦Lªí¾÷¡G300¦æ/¤À
- CRTÅã¥Ü¾¹
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- IBM ¨t²Î/360(IBM System/360¡F1965)
- 1965¦~ IBM¤½¥q±À¥X¤FSystem/360pºâ¾÷¨t²Î¡C¨ä²[»\¤F¦UºØ©Ê¯àªº¾÷«¬¡CÁöµM¾÷«¬²³¦h¡A¦ý¬O³]p²z©À¤@P¡A¦]¦Ó¾÷«¬ªº¤É¯Å¬Ò¯à«O«ù¬Û®e¡C¬°¤@¥þ¤è¦ì
(²[»\360«×¦U¤è¦V)ªº²£«~
- ¤¤¥¡³B²z³æ¤¸
- °ò¥»¹q¸ô¤¸¥ó¡G¹q´¹Åé¤Î¿nÅé¹q¸ô°µ¦b³³¾¹¤¶½è¤W(±Ä¥Î©Ò¿×ªºSolid Logic Technology)¡A¦¹ºØ§Þ³N¨Ï±o¤¸¥ó´X¥G¥Ã»·¤£¬G»Ù
- ±Ä¥Î·Lµ{¦¡¥H°õ¦æ«ü¥O
- 16Ó¦U¬°1¦rªº³q¥Î¼È¦s¾¹(4«ô/¦r)¡F ¤@Óµ{¦¡ª¬ºA¼È¦s¾¹(PSW; 2¦r/PSW; §t24¦ì¤¸ªºµ{¦¡°O;§}¾¹)¡F4Ó¦U§t2¦rªº¯BÂI¼È¦s¾¹
- ¨C«ü¥O§t2«ô¨ì6«ô
- ¥D°O¾ÐÅé¡GºÏ°é(magnetic core)
- ¿é¥X¤J³æ¤¸
- °ª³tªº¿é¥X¤J¨t²Î¡G¿é¥X¤J¨t²Î¥i»P¤¤¥¡³B²z³æ¤¸¨Ã¦æ³B²z
- ºÏ¹ª¾÷(7MB¡F312¤d«ô/¬í)¡BºÏºÐ¾÷(7MB¡F156¤d«ô/¬í)¡BºÏ¥d (Data Cell ¡F 40MB¡F55¤d«ô/¬í)
- ¯È±a¾÷¡BŪ¥d¤Õ/¥´¥d¤Õ¾÷¡BºÏ±a¾÷
- CRTÅã¥Ü¾¹¡B¦Lªí¾÷
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- IBM System/360 Characteristics
- IBM ¨t²Î/370(IBM System/370¡F1970)
- 1970¦~ IBM¤½¥q±À¥X¤FSystem/370pºâ¾÷¨t²Î¡C¨ä³]p²z©À¦PSystem/360pºâ¾÷¨t²Î¡A¥u¬O±Ä¥Î¤F§ó·sªº¤j«¬¿nÅé¹q¸ô§Þ³N¨Ï±o¤@¥x370¥i©è¤T¡B¥|¥x360
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- ²Ä¥|¥N¹q¤lpºâ¾÷
- ³æ´¹¤ù·L³B²z¾¹ªºµo©ú¨Ï±opºâ¾÷ªºÅé¿n¥¨´TªºÁY¤p¡C(¦è¤¸1971¦~Intel¤½¥q±À¥X¤F³æ´¹¤ù·L³B²z¾¹4004¡A¦b³æ¤@´¹¤ù¤W»s³y¥Xpºâ¾÷ªº®Ö¤ß³¡¥÷--¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹)¡C¦]¦ÓÓ¤H¥Î¹q¸£(PC,
Personal Computer)±o¥H±À¥X¡C¥Nªíªº¾÷ºØ¦³MITS Altair 8800(1974¦~¡F¥þ²y²Ä¤@³¡Ó¤H¥Î¹q¸£¡F¨äBASIC
language interpreter¥Ñ Bill Gatesªì¸Õ¨¤â¥N¬°µo®i¥X)¡BApple II(1977) ¡B¤Î IBM
PC(1981)
- Ä«ªG¤G«¬(Apple II¡F1977)
- ¤¤¥¡³B²z³æ¤¸±Ä¥ÎNMOS 6502·L³B²z¾¹
- 16±ø°O¾Ð¦ì§}½u¡B 8±ø¸ê®Æ½u
- 1Ó¤K¦ì¤¸õì¥[¾¹¡B2 Ó¤K¦ì¤¸¯Á¤Þ¼È¦s¾¹¡B1 Ó¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸µ{¦¡°O§}¾¹¡B1Ó¤K¦ì¤¸°ïÂS«ü¼Ð¾¹¡B1Ó¤K¦ì¤¸µ{¦¡ª¬ºA¼È¦s¾¹
- §t¹B§@®É¯ßÅÞ¿è¹q¸ô
- «ü¥O°õ¦æ®É¶¡¬°2·L¬í¨ì12·L¬í
- ¹q¸ô¤¸¥ó¡G¤j«¬¿nÅé¹q¸ô
- °O¾ÐÅé
- RAM 16KB (8Ó 4116) ¡F¥iÂX¥R¨ì48KB (¦@¨Ï¥Î8x3Ó 4116)¡C´¡»y¨¥¥d¥i¦A¼W¥[64KB(63KB·íRAM©M1KB·í80¦æÅã¥Ü¾¹ªº°O¾ÐÅé)
- ROM 2KB(1Ó 9316B) ¡F¥iÂX¥R¨ì12KB (¦@¨Ï¥Î6Ó 9316B)¡C
- 4KB I/O
|
23
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- ¿é¥X¤J³æ¤¸
- Áä½L¡B CRTÅã¥Ü¾¹
- ¥d¦¡¿ýµ¾÷¡B Game I/O Port
- ³n©ÊºÏºÐ¾÷(300Âà/¤À¡F5.25¦T³n©ÊºÏ¤ù¡F146KB)
- ¤KÓ¶gÃä¥d®y
- ¾Þ§@¨t²Î
- ¨Ï¥Î»y¨¥
- ¾÷¾¹»y¨¥¡B²Õ¦X»y¨¥¡BApple BASIC¡BInteger BASIC ¡BPASCAL¡BFORTRAN
- IBM PC-XT(1983)
- ¦è¤¸1981¦~8¤ë¡AIBM¤½¥q¥¿¦¡ªº¶i¤J¤F¤p«¬¹q¸£ªº¦æ·~¡C¨äº«×±À¥X ªº¤p«¬Ó¤H¥Î¹q¸£ ¡A¥H Intel 8088·L³B²z¾¹¬°®Ö¤ß¡B¶Â¥ÕÅã¥Ü¾¹¡B¥d¦¡¿ýµ¾÷¡B¤Î
160KB³n©ÊºÏºÐ¾÷¡C¨ä«á¡A©ó¦è¤¸1983¦~±À¥X¤FIBM PC-XTÓ¤H¥Î¹q¸£
- IBM PC-XT¤§¤¤¥¡³B²z³æ¤¸±Ä¥ÎIntel 8088·L³B²z¾¹
- 20±ø°O¾Ð¦ì§}½u¡B 16±ø¤º³¡¸ê®Æ½u(¥~³¡«h¬°8±ø¸ê®Æ½u)
- 1 Ó¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸µ{¦¡°O§}¾¹¡B 1Ó¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸µ{¦¡ª¬ºA¼È¦s¾¹(¶È¤EӦ줸¦³¥Î)¡B 8Ó¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸³q¥Î¼È¦s¾¹¡B4Ó¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸¬q¸¨¦ì§}¼È¦s¾¹
|
24
|
- 4.77Mhz ¹B§@ÀW²v
- 92°ò¥»«ü¥O
- ¨â16¦ì¤¸¼Æ¤§°£¹Bºâ¶·43·L¬í
- ¹q¸£¥D¾÷ªO
- Intel 8088·L³B²z¾¹
- ¥i±µIntel 8087¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ³B²z¾¹
- RAM¥iÂX¥R¨ì256KB
- ROM¥iÂX¥R¨ì48KB
- Intel 8253 System Counter/Timer
- Intel 8237 DMA Controller
- Intel 8259 Priority Interrupt Control Unit (PICU)
- 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI)
- ¿é¥X¤J³æ¤¸
- Áä½L¡B CRTÅã¥Ü¾¹
- ¨â³¡360KB³n©ÊºÏºÐ¾÷(³n©ÊºÏºÐ¤ù®e¶q¬°360KB)
- ¥i±µµw¦¡ºÏºÐ¾÷(®e¶q¬°10-20MB)
- ¾Þ§@¨t²Î
- IBM PC¤§¾÷«¬
- º³¡ IBM PC
- 1981¦~¡A Intel 8088·L³B²z¾¹
- PC-XT¯Å IBM PC
- 1983¦~©l¡A±Ä¥ÎIntel 8088©Î8086·L³B²z¾¹
|
25
|
- PC-AT¯Å IBM PC
- 1984¦~©l¡A±Ä¥ÎIntel 80286©Î80386©Î80486©ÎPentium·L³B²z¾¹
- ¬ÂÄnº¡¥Øªº IBM PC±Ú¸s(±Ä¥ÎIntel 80486©ÎPentium·L³B²z¾¹¡A¦Ü¤Ö¦³200ºØ¾÷«¬¥H¤W)
- Aptiva Family
- ValuePoint Family
- PS/2 Family(April 1987)
- IBM PC Family
- IBM PS/21 Server
- PC Server
- ThinkPad Family
- Pentium 4 Ó¤H¥Î¹q¸£(2001)
- CPU¥ÎIntel¤§Pentium 4³æ´¹¤ù·L³B²z¾¹¡G4¤d2¦Ê¸UÓ¹q´¹Åé¡F¦³1.4GHz,
1.5GHz, . . . , 2GHz ¦UºØ¤u§@ÀW²v
|
26
|
- ²Ä¤¥N¹q¤lpºâ¾÷
- ±Ä¥Î·¥¤j«¬¿nÅé¹q¸ô¤¸¥ó(Ultra Large Scale Integration)¡B¨ã¤H¤u´¼¼z¤Î¦ÛµM»y¨¥³B²z¯à¤Oªº¶W¯Å¥¦æ¹q¸£
- ¤é¥»¦¦b1981¦~§Y¶i¦æ¤F¤Q¦~ªº°ê®a«¬²Ä¤¥N¹q¸£p¹º¡A§Æ±æ¦b1990¦~¥N³]p¥X¯à°÷±µ¨ü¤HÃþ¦ÛµM»y¨¥¡B´£¨Ñ¤HÃþ±M®a·N¨£ªº¹q¸£
- ²{¤µ¡A¶ZÂ÷²Ä¤¥N¹q¸£ªº¥Ø¼Ð¤´µM»»»·
- pºâ¾÷®aÃоð
|
27
|
|
28
|
- ¥|¦ì¤¸·L³B²z¾¹(1971)
- ³æ´¹¤ù·L³B²z¾¹ªº¥ý¾W Intel 4004 (1971¦~)
- ¦è¤¸1971¦~Intel¤½¥q±À¥X¤F³æ´¹¤ù·L³B²z¾¹4004¡A¦b¤@´¹¤ù¤W»s³y¥Xpºâ¾÷ªº®Ö¤ß³¡¥÷--¤¤¥¡³B²z¾¹
- ¥|¦ì¤¸·L³B²z¾¹
- 2,250¹q´¹Åé
- 108 KHz ®ÉÄÁÀW²v¡F0.06 MIPS;
- 45«ü¥O(8¦ì¤¸/«ü¥O)
- 8Ó¥|¦ì¤¸¼È¦s¾¹¨â²Õ¡B 1 Óµ{¦¡°O§}¾¹¡B¤T¼h²`°ïÂS«ü¼Ð¾¹
- ¥iŪ¼gªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¬°4096¦r(4¦ì¤¸/¦r)
- ±Ä¥ÎPMOS¹q¸ô§Þ³N
- ¤K¦ì¤¸·L³B²z¾¹
- Intel 8080(1974¦~)
- 6K¹q´¹Åé
- ±Ä¥ÎNMOS¹q¸ô§Þ³N
- ±Ä¥ÎTTLÅÞ¿è¹q¸ô
- 7Ó¤K¦ì¤¸¼È¦s¾¹¡B 1Ó¤K¦ì¤¸µ{¦¡ª¬ºA¼È¦s¾¹¡B 1 Ó¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸µ{¦¡°O§}¾¹¡B1Ó¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸°ïÂS«ü¼Ð¾¹
- 16±ø°O¾Ð¦ì§}½u¡B 8±ø¸ê®Æ½u
- ¥iŪ¼gªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¬°64KB
- 2 MHz ®ÉÄÁÀW²v¡F0.64 MIPS;
|
29
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- ¨C¬í¥i°õ¦æ500,000¥[¹Bºâ
- ²Õ¦¨8080A·L³B²z¾÷¨t²Îªº¬ÛÃö¿nÅé¹q¸ô
- 8224 System Clock Generator
- 8228 System Controller
- 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI)
- 8251 I/O Communication Interface (USART)
- 8212 I/O Port
- 8259 Priority Interrupt Control Unit (PICU)
- 8257 DMA Controller
- »Ý¤TÓ¹q·½(+5v,+12v,-5v)
- ©ó¦è¤¸1974¦~©Ò±À¥X¤§¥þ²y²Ä¤@³¡Ó¤H¥Î¹q¸£MITS Altair 8800§Y±Ä¥Î¦¹·L³B²z¾¹
- ¨Ï¥Î»y¨¥¬°BASIC(¥ÑBill Gates³]p)¤Î²Õ¦X»y¨¥
- Motorola 6800 (1974)
- 4.1K¹q´¹ Åé
- ±Ä¥ÎNMOS¹q¸ô§Þ³N
- ±Ä¥ÎTTLÅÞ¿è¹q¸ô
- 2Ó¤K¦ì¤¸õì¥[¾¹¡B1 Ó¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸¯Á¤Þ¼È¦s¾¹¡B1 Ó¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸µ{¦¡°O§}¾¹¡B1Ó¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸°ïÂS«ü¼Ð¾¹¡B ¡B1Ó¤K¦ì¤¸µ{¦¡ª¬ºA¼È¦s¾¹
- 16±ø°O¾Ð¦ì§}½u¡B 8±ø¸ê®Æ½u
- ¥iŪ¼gªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¬°64KB
- «ü¥O°õ¦æ®É¶¡¬°2·L¬í¨ì12·L¬í
- ¨C¬í¥i°õ¦æ500,000¥[¹Bºâ
- 1 MHz ®ÉÄÁÀW²v
|
30
|
- ²Õ¦¨6800·L³B²z¾÷¨t²Îªº¬ÛÃö¿nÅé¹q¸ô
- MC6870 Clocks
- MC6820 Peripheral Interface Adapter (PIA)
- MC6850 Asynchronous Communication Interface Adapter (ACIA)
- XC6852 Synchronous Serial Data Adapter (SSDA)
- MC6828 Priority Interrupt Controller (PIC)
- ³æ¤@¹q·½(+5v)
- MOS Technology MCS6502(1975)
- 4K¹q´¹Åé
- ±Ä¥ÎNMOS¹q¸ô§Þ³N
- ±Ä¥ÎTTLÅÞ¿è¹q¸ô±Ä¥Î
- MCS6502¬°MC6800¤§¼W±j«¬
- 1Ó¤K¦ì¤¸õì¥[¾¹¡B2 Ó¤K¦ì¤¸¯Á¤Þ¼È¦s¾¹¡B1 Ó¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸µ{¦¡°O§}¾¹¡B1Ó¤K¦ì¤¸°ïÂS«ü¼Ð¾¹¡B1Ó¤K¦ì¤¸µ{¦¡ª¬ºA¼È¦s¾¹
- §t¹B§@®É¯ßÅÞ¿è¹q¸ô
- 16±ø°O¾Ð¦ì§}½u¡B 8±ø¸ê®Æ½u
- ¥iŪ¼gªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¬°64KB
- «ü¥O°õ¦æ®É¶¡¬°2·L¬í¨ì12·L¬í
- 4 MHz ®ÉÄÁÀW²v
- ¤ä´©6502·L³B²z¾÷¨t²Îªº¿nÅé¹q¸ô
- MCS6522 Peripheral Interface Adapter (PIA)
- MC6530 Combination Logic
Device
- ³æ¤@¹q·½(+5v)
|
31
|
- Intel 8085(1976¦~)
- 6.5K¹q´¹Åé
- ¨C¬í¥i°õ¦æ769,000¥[¹Bºâ
- ®ÉÄÁÀW²v¬°5MHz
- ¥iŪ¼gªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¬°64KB
- ¬° Intel 8080¤§¤É¯Åª©
- Zilog Z80 (1976)
- 8.5K¹q´¹Åé
- ±Ä¥ÎNMOS¹q¸ô§Þ³N
- ±Ä¥ÎTTLÅÞ¿è¹q¸ô
- Zilog Z80¬°Intel 8080¤§¼W±j«¬
- ¨ä¥i°õ¦æ©Ò¦³8080¤§«ü¥O
- ¨äµ¥©ó8080 CPU+8224 Clock+8228 System Controller
- (7Ó¤K¦ì¤¸¼È¦s¾¹¡B 1Ó¤K¦ì¤¸µ{¦¡ª¬ºA¼È¦s¾¹)¼W¥[¤@²Õ¡F¥B¼W¥[¨âÓ¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸¯Á¤Þ¼È¦s¾¹¡B 1Ó¤K¦ì¤¸¤¤Â_¦V¶q°O¿ý¾¹¡B¤Î 1Ó¤K¦ì¤¸°O¾Ð«ì´_°O§}¾¹
- 16±ø°O¾Ð¦ì§}½u¡B 8±ø¸ê®Æ½u
- 1 MHz ®ÉÄÁÀW²v
- ¥iŪ¼gªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¬°64KB
- ¤ä´©Z80·L³B²z¾÷¨t²Îªº¿nÅé¹q¸ô
- Z80 Parallel I/O Interface (PIO)
- ³æ¤@¹q·½(+5v)
|
32
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- ¤Q¤»¦ì¤¸·L³B²z¾¹
- Intel 8086(1978)
- 29K¹q´¹Åé
- ±Ä¥ÎNMOS¹q¸ô§Þ³N
- ®ÉÄÁÀW²v¬°8MHz; 0.66 MIPS
- ¥iŪ¼gªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¬°1MB
- Intel 8088(1979)
- 29K¹q´¹Åé
- ±Ä¥ÎNMOS¹q¸ô§Þ³N
- ®ÉÄÁÀW²v¬°8MHz; 0.75 MIPS
- ¥iŪ¼gªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¬°1MB
- CPU¥~¸ê®Æ¶×¬y±Æ¼e«×¬°8¦ì¤¸
- Zilog Z8001(1979)
- Motorola 68000(1980)
- 68K¹q´¹Åé
- 10 MHz ®ÉÄÁÀW²v
- Intel 80186(1982)
- ®ÉÄÁÀW²v¬°8MHz
- ¥iŪ¼gªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¬°1MB
- Intel 80286-10(1982)
- 134K¹q´¹Åé
- ®ÉÄÁÀW²v¬°10MHz; 1.5 MIPS
- ¥iŪ¼gªº°O¾ÐÅé¤j¤p¬°16MB
|
33
|
- ¤T¤Q¤G¦ì¤¸·L³B²z¾¹
- Motorola 68020(1984)
- Apple Macintosh¤j¦h¨Ï¥Î¦¹CPU
- 25 MHz ®ÉÄÁÀW²v
- Zilog Z80000 (1985)
- Intel 80386DX(1985~1989)
- 275K¹q´¹Åé
- ®ÉÄÁÀW²v¬°16MHz~ 33MHz
- Motorola 68030 (1986)
- Intel 80486DX(1989,1990,1991)
- 1.2M¹q´¹Åé
- ®ÉÄÁÀW²v¬°25MHz, 33MHz, 50MHz
- Motorola 68060 (1994)
- UMC U55 (1994)
- ¸ê®Æ¶×¬y±Æ¼e«×¬°¤»¤Q¥|¦ì¤¸¤§·L³B²z¾¹
- Intel 80586©ÎPentium (1993~1996)
- 3.1M~3.3M¹q´¹Åé
- ®ÉÄÁÀW²v¬°66MHz~200MHz
|
34
|
- Intel Pentium with MMX Technology (1997)
- 4.5M¹q´¹Åé
- ®ÉÄÁÀW²v¬°200MHz
- Pentium II(1997~1998)
- 7.5M¹q´¹Åé
- ®ÉÄÁÀW²v¬°233MHz~450MHz
- Pentium III(1999)
- 9.5M¹q´¹Åé
- ®ÉÄÁÀW²v¬°450MHz~600MHz
- Pentium 4 (2000~2002)
- 42M¹q´¹Åé
- ®ÉÄÁÀW²v¬°1.4GHz~2.8GHz
- ¤»¤Q¥|¦ì¤¸·L³B²z¾¹
- DEC Alpha
- Intel Itanium
- AMD Athlon64
- IBM PowerPC
|
35
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- ³æªO·L¹q¸£
- 1970¦~¥N¦h®a¤½¥q³°Äò±À¥X¤F³æ´¹¤ù·L³B²z¾¹¡A¥H¦¹³æ´¹¤ù·L³B²z¾¹¬°®Ö¤ß°t¦XRAM¡BROM ¡BI/O¤j«¬¿nÅé¹q¸ô²Õ¦¨¤F³æªO·L¹q¸£°µ¬°µû¦ô¸Ó³æ´¹¤ù·L³B²z¾¹©Ê¯àªº¨Ì¾Ú¡C¨Ò¦p
Motorola¤½¥qªº MEK6800D2¡BMOS Technology¤½¥qªº KIM-1¡B Intel¤½¥qªº SDK-86 ¡B §»ùÖ¤½¥qªº¤p±Ð±Â¤@¸¹
MPF-I ¡B¥þ¨È¤½¥qªº EDU80µ¥¬Ò¬°³æªO·L¹q¸£
- MEK6800D2(1976)
- MEK6800D2(Evaluation Kit II)¥ÑMotorola¤½¥q©Òµo®i¥X
- MEK6800D2§t¦³¤Uz¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡G
- Motorola MC6800 MPU
- MCM6830 ROM with JBUG Monitor(1KB)
- MCM6810x3 RAM (128 bytes each)
- MC6820x2 Peripheral Interface Adapter (PIA)
- MC6850 Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter (ACIA)
- MC6871B Clock Generator
- ¿é¥X¤J³æ¤¸
- ²³æªºÁä½L¤ÎLEDÅã¥Ü¾¹
- ¥d¦¡¿ý©ñµ¾÷
- KIM-1(1976)
- KIM-1¥ÑMOS Technology¤½¥q©Òµo®i¥X
- KIM-1§t¦³¤Uz¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡G
|
36
|
- MOS Technology MCS6502 CPU
- MCS6530x2 ROM (2KB)
- 6102x8 RAM (1KB)
- ¿é¥X¤J³æ¤¸
- ²³æªºÁä½L¤ÎLEDÅã¥Ü¾¹
- ¥d¦¡¿ý©ñµ¾÷
- SDK-86(1979)
- SDK-86¥ÑIntel¤½¥q©Òµo®i¥X
- SDK-86§t¦³¤Uz¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡G
- 8086 CPU
- 2716x4 ROM (8KB)
- 2142x4 RAM (2KB)
- 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI)
- 8251 Serial I/O interface(SIO)
- ¿é¥X¤J³æ¤¸
- ²³æªºÁä½L¤ÎLEDÅã¥Ü¾¹
- ¥d¦¡¿ý©ñµ¾÷¤ÎTeletypewriter
- ¤p±Ð±Â¤@¸¹ MPF-I (1981)
- MPF-I ¥Ñ§»ùÖ¤½¥q©Òµo®i¥X
- MPF-I¨ä§t¦³¤Uz¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡G
|
37
|
- 6116 RAM (2KB)
- 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI)
- Z80 Parallel I/O interface(PIO)
- Z80 Counter/Timer Channel(CTC)¿é¥X¤J³æ¤¸
- ²³æªºÁä½L¤ÎLEDÅã¥Ü¾¹
- ¥d¦¡¿ý©ñµ¾÷
- «á¨Ó(1982,1983)¡A§»ùÖ¤½¥q³°Äò±À¥X¤p±Ð±Â¤G¸¹ MPF-II ¤Î¤p±Ð±Â¤T¸¹ MPF-III.
|
38
|
- Ó¤H¥Î¹q¸£(Personal Computer)
- Ó¤H¥Î¹q¸£ªºµwÅ餴¥Ñ³æªO·L¹q¸£¥[¤WCRTÅã¥Ü¾¹¡B¼Ð·ÇÁä½L¡B¤ÎºÏºÐ¾÷©Ò²Õ¦¨¡F¦Ó³nÅ鳡¥÷«h¥ÑºÏºÐ¾÷¾Þ§@¨t²Î(DOS)¤Î¤@¨ÇÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡©Ò²Õ¦¨¡C¨Ò¦p
MITS¤½¥qªºAltair 8800 (1974, CPU¥Î8080)¡BApple Computer¤½¥qªº Apple II (CPU¥Î6502)¡BIBM¤½¥qªº
PC-XT (CPU¥Î8088)¡Bºë·~¤½¥qªº2002 (CPU¥Î8088)¡B§»ùÖ¤½¥qªºAcer 910 (CPU¥Î80286)¡B¯«³q¤½¥qªº
MPC 2000SL (CPU¥Î80286)¡Bµ¥¬Ò¬°¦´ÁªºÓ¤H¥Î¹q¸£
- Apple II(1977)
- CPU: MOS Technology 6502
- RAM: 16 KB (up to 48 KB)
- ROM: 12 KB for Monitor(2 KB), BASIC interpreter(5 KB), and user
programs.
- IBM PC-XT(1983)
- CPU: Intel 8088
- RAM: 256 KB (up to 640 KB)
- ROM: 8 KB (up to 40 KB)
|
39
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- ¥N§O ¦~¥N ¹q¸ô ®É¶¡³æ¦ì
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- ²Ä¤G¥N 1959-1965 ¹q´¹Åé¡BºÏ°é ²@¬í-·L¬í (ms)
- ²Ä¤T¥N 1965-1971 ¿nÅé¹q¸ô ·L¬í-²@·L¬í (ns)
- ²Ä¥|¥N 1971-? ¶W¤j«¬¿nÅé¹q¸ô ²@·L¬í (ns)
- ²Ä¤¥N ? ·¥¤j«¬¿nÅé¹q¸ô ·L·L¬í (ps)
|
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- p¼Æ¾¦½ü(Counting Wheel; Babbage ®t¼Æ¾÷¡A1832)
- ¾÷±ñ¦¡p¼Æ¾¦½ü(mechanical counting wheel)¤´¥H¾¦½ü±ÛÂà©Ò°±ªº¦ì¸m¨M©w©Ò¦s¼ÆȪº¤j¤p(¾¦½üªº±ÛÂà¥i¥Ñ¤â°Ê©Î§Q¥ÎÄ~¹q¾¹ÅX°Ê)¡C³]¤@¾¦½ü¦³¤QÓ°±¾nÂI¡A·í¨ä°±¦b²Ä¤°±¾nÂI¡A«hªí¥Ü¨äÀx¦sªº¼ÆȬ°
5¡C Babbage¤§ ®t¼Æ¾÷§Y¥H¦¹ºØ¤è¦¡Àx¦s¼ÆÈ
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- ¯uªÅºÞ¤´¥H¨ä¾É³q»P§_¥Nªí ¡§1¡¨ ©Î ¡§0¡¨ (¤]´N¬O»¡¥Nªí¤@¦ì¤¸ªº¸ê®Æ)¡A¤QÓ¯uªÅºÞ¥i¦ê±µ¦¨¤@Àô§Î¹q¸ô¡C°²³]¸Ó¤QÓ¯uªÅºÞ¡A¶È²Ä¤¯uªÅºÞ¾É³q¡A«hªí¥Ü¨äÀx¦sªº¼ÆȬ°
5¡C²Ä¤@³¡¤j«¬¹q¤lpºâ¾÷ ENIAC §Y¥H¦¹ºØ¤è¦¡Àx¦s¼ÆÈ
- ¤ô»Èµªi©µ¿ð½u(Mercury Delay Line ; UNIVAC I¡A1951)
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- ÀR¹qÀx¦s¬M¹³ºÞ(Electrostatic Storage Tube; IBM 701¡A1953)
- ÀR¹qÀx¦s¬M¹³ºÞ¬°¤@ºØ³±·¥®g½uºÞ(Cathode Ray Tube)¡C¨ä§Q¥Î¬M¹³ºÞ¤º¤§³±·¥®g½u¥´¦b¿Ã¹õ¤W¬Y¤@ÂI©Ò²£¥Í¤G¦¸¹q¤lªº¦h¹è¥H¥Nªí ¡§1¡¨
©Î ¡§0¡¨¡F¤@°¦ºÞ¤l¥i¦s32x32=1,024¦ì¤¸¡C¦´Áªº IBM 701¥D°O¾ÐÅé±Ä¥Î¤F¦hÓÀR¹qÀx¦s¬M¹³ºÞ¥Î¥HÀx¦s2,048¦rªº¸ê®Æ(36¦ì¤¸/¦r)¡C¦¹ºØÀx¦s¤è¦¡ÁöµM¦b·í®É¥iºâ¬O³t«×«Ü§Öªº¥D°O¾ÐÅé(24·L¬í/¦r)
¡A¤£¹L¥i¾a©Ê«Ü®t(¥§¡20¤À¥D°O¾ÐÅé·|¥Xª¬ªp¤@¦¸)
|
42
|
- ±ÛÂàºÏ¹ª(Rotating Magnetic Drum ;IBM 650¡A1954)
- ±ÛÂàºÏ¹ª¬°¦bªí±¤WÁᦳºÏ©Ê§÷®Æ¤§¹ª§ÎÅé¡A®Ú¾ÚºÏ©Êªí±¤W¬Y¤@ÂIªººÏ¤Æ¤è¦V¥H¥Nªí ¡§1¡¨ ©Î ¡§0¡¨¡C IBM 650¥D°O¾ÐÅé±Ä¥Îª½®|¬°4¦T¡Bªø¬°14¦TªººÏ¹ª¥Î¥HÀx¦s2,000¦rªº¸ê®Æ(12¤Q¶i¼Æ¤¸/¦r¡F60¦ì¤¸/¦r)¡CºÏ¹ª¤§Âà³t¬°12,500Âà/¤À(4.8²@¬í/Âà)¡AºÏ¹ª¤À¦¨20Àô§Î±a(¨CÀô§Î±a¥i¦s100¦r¡A¦³¤ÓŪ¼gÀY)
- ºÏ°é°O¾ÐÅé(Core Memory; IBM 1620¡A1959)
- ºÏ°é°O¾ÐÅ餴¥Ñ«Ü¦h±Æ¦C¾ã»ôªººÏ°é©Ò²Õ¦¨¡A¦Ó¨C¤@ºÏ°é«h¬°¤@ºÏ©Ê§÷®Æ©Ò°µ¦¨ªº²Ó¤pÀôª¬Åé(ª½®|¬ù¬°0.03¦T) ¡A®Ú¾ÚºÏ°é¤§¶¶¤Ï®É°wºÏ¤Æ¤è¦V¥H¥Nªí ¡§1¡¨
©Î ¡§0¡¨¡C©ó1949¦~¡A¥æ¤j®Õ¤Í¤ý¦w³Õ¤h±Ä¥ÎºÏ°é°µ¦¨¤FºÏ°é¦ì²¾¼È¦s¾¹(core shift register)¡A¥i¥H»¡¬O³Ì¦±Ä¥ÎºÏ°é¥HÀx¦s¸ê®ÆªÌ¡Apºâ¾÷¥D°O¾ÐÅé±Ä¥ÎºÏ°é°O¾ÐÅ餧¦~¥N¬ù¥Ñ1950s¦~¥N©l¡B
1970s¦~¥N«h«æ³t´î¤Ö¦Ó¥Ñ¿nÅé¹q¸ô°O¾ÐÅé©Ò¨ú¥N¡CIBM 1620¤§¥D°O¾ÐÅé±Ä¥ÎºÏ°é(Ū¥X¶g´Á¬°20·L¬í¡F12ºÏ°é±¡F°O¾ÐÅé®e¶q¬°2¸U¦r¥À ¡F6¦ì¤¸/¦r¥À)
- ¿nÅé¹q¸ô°O¾ÐÅé(Integrated-Circuit Memory; IBM System/370¡A1972)
- ¿nÅé¹q¸ô°O¾ÐÅ餤¤§¿nÅé¹q¸ô¤´¥Ñ«Ü¦h±Æ¦C¾ã»ôªºª÷
|
43
|
- ®ñ¥b¹q´¹Åé(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor transistor or MOS transistor)©Ò²Õ¦¨¡A¤@өμÆÓMOS¹q´¹Åé°t¦X¤@¨Ç¹q®e¾¹²Õ¦¨¤@°ò¥»Àx¦s¤¸¥ó¡A®Ú¾Ú°ò¥»Àx¦s¤¸¥ó¤º¹q®e©ÒÀx¦s¹qÀ£¤§¤j¤p¥H¥Nªí
¡§1¡¨ ©Î ¡§0¡¨ ¡C IBM System/370 Model 168¤§¥D°O¾ÐÅ餴¥Ñ¤j¤p¬°1000¦ì¤¸¤§¿nÅé¹q¸ô©Ò²Õ¦¨¡A¥D°O¾ÐÅ餧®e¶q¥i¤j¨ì8x106¦ì¤¸²Õ
- ¿nÅé¹q¸ôÀx¦s®e¶q¤§ºt¶i
- ¿nÅé¹q¸ô¤§Àx¦s®e¶q¼W¥[§Ö³t¡Aµuµu¤G¤Q´X¦~¤w¥Ñ256¦ì¤¸¼W¥[¨ì¼Æ¦Ê¸U¦ì¤¸
- ÀH¾÷¦s¨ú°O¾ÐÅé(RAM)¿nÅé¹q¸ô(IC)¤§Àx¦s®e¶q
- Àx¦s®e¶q ¦~
- 256¦ì¤¸ 1969
- 1,000¦ì¤¸ 1970
- 8,000¦ì¤¸ 1973
- 16,000¦ì¤¸ 1976
- 64,000¦ì¤¸ 1979
- 1000,000¦ì¤¸ 1985
- 4000,000¦ì¤¸ 1988
- ¡P
- ¡P
- ¡P
- 128,000,000¦ì¤¸ 1998
- 256,000,000¦ì¤¸ 2000
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44
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- 256¦ì¤¸(~1969)
- Intel 1101A(1969¡F¬°MOS¿nÅé¹q¸ô°O¾ÐÅé³Ì¦±Ä¥Îªº¿nÅé¹q¸ô)¡G 256´1¦ì¤¸¡FSRAM¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡Fp-MOS¡F16 °¦¸}¡F¸ê®Æ¦s¨ú®É¶¡(Access Time)¬°850²@·L¬í
- 1024¦ì¤¸(~1970)
- Intel 1103A(1970¡F¥@¬É²Ä¤@ÁûDRAM¿nÅé¹q¸ô)¡G 1024´1¦ì¤¸¡FDRAM¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡Fp-MOS; ¡F18°¦¸}¡F¸ê®Æ¦s¨ú®É¶¡¬°300²@·L¬í
- Advanced Microsystems
AMS6002¡G1024´1¦ì¤¸¡FDRAM¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡Fp-MOS; ¡F22°¦¸}¡F¸ê®Æ¦s¨ú®É¶¡¬°150²@·L¬í
- 4096¦ì¤¸(~1973)
- Intel 2107A ¡G4096´1¦ì¤¸¡FDRAM¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡Fn-MOS;
¡F22°¦¸}¡F¸ê®Æ¦s¨ú®É¶¡¬°300²@·L¬í
- NEC mPD2114LC¡G1024´4¦ì¤¸¡FDRAM¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡Fn-MOS; ¡F18°¦¸}¡F¸ê®Æ¦s¨ú®É¶¡¬°300²@·L¬í
- 16K¦ì¤¸(~1976)
- Mostek MK4116(1976)¡G8192´2¦ì¤¸¡FDRAM¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡Fn-MOS; ¡F16°¦¸}¡F¸ê®Æ¦s¨ú®É¶¡¬°150²@·L¬í
- 64K¦ì¤¸(~1979)
- Toshiba TMM4164¡G64K´1¦ì¤¸¡FDRAM¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡F16°¦¸}
|
45
|
- 256K¦ì¤¸(~1980)
- Sansung KM41256¡G256K ´ 1¦ì¤¸¡FDRAM¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡F16°¦¸}¡F¸ê®Æ¦s¨ú®É¶¡¬°120²@·L¬í
- 1M¦ì¤¸(~1985)
- Toshiba TC514256¡G256K ´ 4¦ì¤¸¡FDRAM¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡F20°¦¸}
- 4M¦ì¤¸(~1988)
- Hitachi HM514100¡G4M ´ 1¦ì¤¸¡FDRAM¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡F20°¦¸}
- 64M¦ì¤¸(~1998)
- NEC D456416GQ5: 1M ´ 16 ´ 4¦ì¤¸¡FSDRAM¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡F54°¦¸}
- l
- l
- l
- l
|
46
|
|
47
|
- °ßŪ°O¾ÐÅé(ROM)¿nÅé¹q¸ô¤§Àx¦s®e¶q
- Àx¦s®e¶q ¦~ EPROM&
- 256¦ì¤¸²Õ* 1972 1702
- 1,000¦ì¤¸²Õ 1975 2708
- 2,000¦ì¤¸²Õ 1977 2716
- 4,000¦ì¤¸²Õ
2732
- 8,000¦ì¤¸²Õ
2764
- 16,000¦ì¤¸²Õ
27128
- 32,000¦ì¤¸²Õ
27256
- 64,000¦ì¤¸²Õ
27512 ¡P
- ¡P
- ¡P
- 1,000,000¦ì¤¸²Õ 2000 27C801
- 4,000,000¦ì¤¸²Õ 2000 27C320
- & Erasable
Programmable ROM IC
- *¤@¦ì¤¸²Õ¹ïÀ³¤K¦ì¤¸
|
48
|
- »²§U°O¾ÐÅé
- »²§U°O¾ÐÅé¤SºÙ¦¸°O¾ÐÅé¡A¦b¤@pºâ¾÷¨t²Î¤º¥Î¥H¼È®ÉÀx¦s¸ê®Æ¥H«Kº¸«á¦A¥Î¡C
- »²§U°O¾ÐÅ餧ºt¶i
- ¯È±a(paper tape)
- ¥d¤ù(punched card)
- ºÏ±a(magnetic tape)
- ºÏ¥d(magnetic card)
- ºÏ¹ª(magnetic drum)
- ºÏºÐ(disk)
- ºÏºÐ²Õ(disk pack)
- ºÏºÐ§X(disk cartridge)
- µwºÐ(hard disk)
- ³nºÐ(floppy disk)
- ¥úºÐ(optical disk)
|
49
|
|
50
|
|
51
|
|
52
|
|
53
|
|
54
|
|
55
|
- ¥æ³q¤j¾Çªºpºâ¾÷³]³Æ(1999)
- ¥æ¤jªºpºâ¾÷³]³Æ§¹µ½¡B·s¿o¡A²{¤µ¾Ö¦³¼Æ¥H¤dp¦UºØÃþ«¬ªºpºâ¾÷¡C ³o¨Çpºâ¾÷°£¤F¦b®Õ¶é¤º¤¬³s¦¨pºâ¾÷ºô¸ô¥~¨Ã³z¹LTANET,
INTERNET,BITNET³s±µ°ê¤º¥~¡A´£¨Ñ¤F§¹µ½ªº±Ð¾Ç¡B¬ã¨sÀô¹Ò¡CÁ|¨Ò¦p¤U¡G
- ¾Ç®Õpºâ¾÷¤¤¤ß
- ¶W¯Å¥¦æpºâ¾÷¡G CONVEX C4620 ¡B CONVEX SPP-1000 ¡B CONVEX SPP-1600 ¡BIBM SP2 ¡B CONVEX
C240 ¡B CONVEX C220
- ¤u§@¯¸¡G130¾l¥x
- Ó¤H¥Î¹q¸£¡G¬ù200³¡
- ¹q¸£±Ð«Ç¡G¦h¶¡Ó¤H¥Î¹q¸£±Ð«Ç¡B³Áª÷¶ð±Ð«Ç¡Bµø°T±Ð«Ç¡Bµø°TÀH¿ï±Ð«Ç
- ¸ê°T¤uµ{¾Ç¨tpºâ¾÷¤¤¤ß
- ¤u§@¯¸¡G¬ù150¥x(SUN SPARC, IBM RS6000, HP, Silicon Graphics IRIS, Twin-Headµ¥)
- Ó¤H¥Î¹q¸£¡G¬ù300³¡(PC486, PC586, MAC II, Power PCµ¥) (§t¹êÅç«Ç)
- ±Ð¾Ç¹êÅç«Ç¡GÓ¤H¥Î¹q¸£±Ð«Ç¡BVLSI/pºâ¾÷¬[ºc±Ð¾Ç¹êÅç«Ç¡B¼Æ¦ì¹q¸ô¹êÅç«Ç¡B·L¹q¸£¹êÅç«Çµ¥
- ¸ê°T¬ì¾Ç¨tpºâ¾÷¤¤¤ß
- l¤u§@¯¸¡G26¥x(BLADE 1000 model 1750, Ultra 60 model 2450, Ultra 60 model
1450, UltraSPARC, TWINstation 20G, SPARCstation 2µ¥)
|
56
|
- lÓ¤H¥Î¹q¸£¡G¬ù60³¡(AMD ThunderBird 850, Pentium II, Celeron 300Aµ¥)
- l±Ð¾Ç¹êÅç«Ç¡GÓ¤H¥Î¹q¸£±Ð«Ç¡B^¯Sº¸¹êÅç«Ç¡B¹q¸£µøı¹êÅç«Ç¡B¸ê®Æ®w¹êÅç«Ç¡Bpºâ¾÷¹Ï¾Ç»PµêÀÀ¹ê¹Ò¹êÅç«Çµ¥
|
57
|
- IBM-650(1961)
- ¦è¤¸1961¦~¡A¥æ¤j¹q¤l¬ã¨s©Ò±µ¨üÁp¦X°ê¯S§O°òª÷¦V¬ü°Ó°ê»Ú°Ó·~¾÷¾¹¤½¥q¯²¥ÎIBM-650«¬¹q¤lpºâ¾÷¤@³¡¡A³]¸m©ó¦Ë»ÊÀ]¡A¨Ã¦¨¥ß°ê¤º²Ä¤@Ópºâ¾÷¤¤¤ß¡C¦¹¶µ³]³Æ°£¨Ñ¥»®Õ±Ð¾Ç¬ã¨s¤§¥~¡A¥ç´£¨Ñ¨ä¥L¾Ç³N¾÷Ãö¤Î¤½¥ÁÀç¨Æ·~¾÷ºc¡A¦p²MµØ¤j¾Ç¡B¤¤°ê¥Ûªo¤½¥q¡B®üxÁ`³¡¡B¬Ù®ð¶H©Òµ¥¨Ï¥Î¡A¥H¸Ñ¨M¨äpºâ¤W¤§ÁcÂø°ÝÃD¦Ó¹F¨ì¸ê¦@¨É¤§¥Øªº¡C
- °ê»Ú°Ó·~¾÷¾¹¤½¥q©ó¦è¤¸1954¦~º«×±À¥X¦¹pºâ¾÷®É¡A¶È¯à°õ¦æ©wÂI¹Bºâ¡A¨ä«á±À¥Xªºª©¥»¤~¦³¯BÂI¹Bºâªº¥\¯à¡C
- ¤Q¶i¨îpºâ¾÷
- ºÏ¹ª(drum)¥D°O¾ÐÅé¡G¥i¦s2,000¦r(10¦ì¼Æ/¦r)
- °ò¥»¹q¸ô¤¸¥ó¡G¯uªÅºÞ
- ¥[¹Bºâ¶·0.8²@¬í
- ¿é¥X¤J³æ¤¸¡GIBM 533 Ū¥d¤Õ/¥´¥d¤Õ¾÷
- ¨Ñ¹q¾÷¡GIBM 655
|
58
|
- IBM 1620 (1964)
- ¥æ³q¤j¾Ç©ó¦è¤¸1964¦~´«¸ËIBM 650¬°IBM 1620
- ¦¹pºâ¾÷±Ä¥Î¹q´¹Å鬰°ò¥»¹q¸ô¤¸¥ó
- ¥D°O¾ÐÅé±Ä¥ÎºÏ°é¡FŪ¥X¶g´Á¬°20·L¬í¡F°O¾ÐÅé®e¶q¬°2¸U¦r¥À (12ºÏ°é±¡F6¦ì¤¸/¦r¥À)¡F¥iÂX¥R¨ì6¸U¦r¥À
- §ï¶i¤FIBM 650(¨ä±Ä¥Î¯uªÅºÞ¬°°ò¥»¹q¸ô¤¸¥ó¡F¥D°O¾ÐÅé±Ä¥ÎºÏ¹ª)¤j¶qµo¼ö¡B¥i¾a©Ê¤£°ª¡B¦û¥ÎªÅ¶¡¡B¥H¤Î³t²v¤£°÷§Öµ¥µ¥ªº¯ÊÂI
|
59
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60
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- DEC-10 (1974¡F¤¤«¬pºâ¾÷¡F»·ªF²Ä¤@³¡)
- ¤¤¥¡³B²z¾÷¡G«¬¦¡KA10
- ¨â²Õ¶×¬y±Æ ¡G°O¾Ð¶×¬y±Æ¤Î¿é¥X¤J¶×¬y±Æ
- 36 ¦ì¤¸/¦r
- ¼È¦s¾¹¡G16Ó³q¥Î¼È¦s¾¹
- ¤¹³\¦h¼h¶¡±µ¯Á¤Þ©w§}
- ©T½u¦¡±±¨î³æ¤¸
- ¥D°O¾ÐÅé
- «¬¦¡¡GMF10¡FºÏ°é¡F°O¾ÐÅé®e¶q¬°96¤d¦r(¦@¨â½c¡A¦³¤@½c¶È§t¤@¥bªº°O¾ÐÅé)¡F¥iÂX¥R¨ì256¤d¦r
- ¿é¥X¤J³æ¤¸
- ºÏ±a¾÷¡G¤Cy¤Î¤Ey¦U¤@³¡
- ¦Lªí¾÷¤@³¡
- Ū¥d¾÷¤@³¡
- ¯È±a¾\Ū¾÷¤@³¡¡F¯È±a¥´¤Õ¾÷¤@³¡
- ²×ºÝ¾÷12³¡¡F¥iÂX¥R¨ì24³¡
- ºÏºÐ¾÷3³¡¡G¨C³¡®e¶q1¤d¸U¦r
- ¾Þ§@¨t²Î(Operating System)
- ¤À®É¨t²Î: ³Ì¦h¥i¦P®É±µ¨ü512¤u§@
- ¾ã§å³B²z¨t²Î
- ¨Ï¥Î»y¨¥
- MACRO, FORTRAN, ALGOL, BASIC, COBOL, SNOBOL, LISP, GASP, MIX, . . .
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61
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- ¥æ¤j©ó1971¦~¬ã»s¦¨¥\°ê¤º²Ä¤@³¡¤p«¬¹q¤lpºâ¾÷ (¾ú®É¤T¦~)
- ¥Dpºâ¾÷§t¦³¤Ó¥Dn³æ¦ì¡G®É°T²£¥Í¾¹¡B°O¾Ð³æ¦ì¡B±±¨î³æ¦ì¡B¿é¥X¤J³æ¦ì¡B¤Îºâ³N³æ¦ì¡A¥i»¡¬O³Â³¶Áö¤p¡A¤Å¦Ñ¥þ
- °ò¥»¹q¸ô¤¸¥ó
- ºÏ°é¡G¤pºÏ°é(ª½®|¬° 0.05 ¦T)¡F¤jºÏ°é(ª½®|¬° 0.225¦T)
- °ê¤º¦´Á¤Þ¶i¤§¤p«¬¿nÅé¹q¸ô(Diode-Transistor-Logic or DTL¹q¸ô)
- J-K ¥¿¤Ï¾¹¡GDTmL 945 ©Î DTmL 948 ¡F¶·¥Î4Ó¥¿¤Ï¾¹¤~¯à²Õ¦¨¤@ N/10¤§p¼Æ¾¹
- ¹h¡G DTmL 932 (¤GÓ NANDs) ¡FDTmL 946 (¥|Ó NANDs) ¡F DTmL 962 (¤TÓ NANDs)
- ¹q´¹Åé¡B¤G·¥Åé
- ¼Æ¦rÅã¥ÜºÞ
- ¥D®ÉÄÁÀW²v¬°150,000(¶g´Á¬°6.67·L¬í)¡F¨â¯BÂI¼Æ¬Û¥[¬ù¶·3²@¬í
- °O¾Ð³æ¦ì§t¨âºÏ°é°O¾Ð±¡A¨C¤@°O¾Ð±§t12x13x4Ó¤pºÏ°é(ª½®|¬° 0.05 ¦T)¡C¨ä¤@°O¾Ð±ºÙ¼Æ¦r°O¾Ð±¥Î¥HÀx¦s12Ó13¦ì¼Æ¤§¤Q¶i¨î¯BÂI¼Æ(¼Æ¦r¥i¥Nªí¤§½d³ò¬°-10-10¨ì+10+9)¡F¥t¤@°O¾Ð±ºÙ«ü¥O°O¾Ð±¥Î¥HÀx¦s52Ó3¦ì¼Æ¤§«ü¥O¡C¦@¦³¤QºØ«ü¥O¡A§t¥[´î¼°£¤§¯BÂI¹Bºâ¡C«ü¥O¤§®æ¦¡¦p¤U¡G
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- ¿é¥X¤J³æ¦ì¬°«ö¶sÁä½L¤Î¼Æ¦rÅã¥Ü¾¹
- ºâ³N³æ¦ì§t¦³13Óp¼Æ¬°¤Q¤§¼È¦s¾¹¡A¥Hp¼Æ¤§¤è¦¡°õ¦æ¥[´î¼°£¤§¯BÂI¹Bºâ
- °ê¥ß¥æ³q¤j¾Ç¤u¾Ç°|¦Û»s¤§³q ¥Î¤p«¬¹q¤lpºâ¾÷¡A¨ä³]p¤u§@©l©ó¦è¤¸1968¦~´»´Á¡C¥Ñ·¨¶W´Ó¡BÁ²M«T¡B½²¤¤¤t¦Ñ®v¤Î¼Æ¦ì¬ã¨s¥Í(¶¾¼yµ`¡B³¯¼s®õ¡B½²·s¥Á¡Bªô¦N¶¯¡B³¯±Ò·½¡BËΨD¬F¡B´^ªZµq¡B³¯¼e¤Ó¡B³¯õ¶¯¡B©P«T¤å¡B´å´ººµ¡B¤èª¢©[¡Bªô³Ó¶¯¡B»¯©¾½÷)
¤À¦¨¤p²Õ¤À¤u±q¨Æpºâ¾÷¦U³æ¦ì¤§³]p(°Ñ¦Ò[38]¤§¸ê®Æ) ¡C¨ä«á½Ð¨ì»O¥_¤ý¦w¹q¸£¤½¥qÁ`¸g²z¶¾·½¬u¥ý¥Í§@«ü¾É¨ÃÃØ»Ppºâ¾÷¤§ºÏ°é°O¾Ð±¡C1969¦~´»´Á¶}©l¥Ñ½²¤¤¤t¹ê»Ú»â¾É¬ã¨s¥Í̱q¨Æ¦¹pºâ¾÷¤§³]p¤Î¹êÅç¡A¶i¦æ¤F¤@¦~¡A«w»{°ÝÃDÁc¦h¡B¦¨¥\µL±æ¡C1970¦~´»´Á¶È³Ñ½²¤¤¤t©tx¾Ä°«±q¨Æ¦¹pºâ¾÷¤§³]p¤Î¹êÅç¡C½²¤¤¤t«·s¬ã»s§ï¸Ë¾ã³¡pºâ¾÷¡A¸g¹L¤F¤@¦~ªºÁæ¦Ó¤£±Ë¡AÁ}¨¯·³¤ë©ó1971¦~¤»¤ë¦Û»s¦¨¥\
(°ê¬ì·|¡BIBM¡B¤ý¦w¤§¸ê§U¡F°ª¶¯¹q¤l¤½¥q¤§ÃØ°e¿nÅé¹q¸ô¨Ï¦¹¥»p¹º±o¥H§¹¦¨)¡C½²¤¤¤t¦]¦¹¦¨´N©ó1972¦~Àò¹{Àu¨q«C¦~¼ú³¹
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- ¤j«¬Áä½L¡G±N¼Æ¤d¤¤¤å¦r±Æ¦C©ó¤@ÓÁä½L¡A¨C¤@Áä¤W¦³¼ÆÓ¤¤¤å¦r¡A§Q¥Î¦rÁä»P¿ï¾ÜÁäÀË¥X©Ò»Ý¤¤¤å¦r¡C¦¹ºØ¿é¤JªkÁöµM²³æª½±µ¡A¦ý¥Ñ©ó¦r¼ÆÁc¦h¡AÀ˦r¶O®É¡A¶·nªø´Á°V½m¤~¯à¼ô½m¡C´I¤h³q¡B°ª¥òªà¡B¸±á·uµ¥´¿¨Ï¥Î¦¹ºØÃþ«¬ªºÁä½L
- ¤¤«¬Áä½L¡G±Ä¥Î«÷¦r(¦p¦r®Ú¡B¦r«¬¡B³¡º)¤è¦¡¿é¤J¡A¨äÁä½L¤WªºÁä¼Æ¸û¤@¯ë^¤åÁä½L¬°¦h¬G¹w³]p¯S§OªºÁä½L¡C¦¹ºØ¿é¤J¤è¦¡¦]n©î¦r¡B²Õ¦r¡A¬G»Ý¦³²`¤J¬ã¨s¡A¤è¯à´£°ª¨Ï¥Î®Ä²v¡C¦æ¬F°|¥Dp³B¹q¤l³B²z¸ê®Æ¤¤¤ß¡B¥xÆW¤j¾Ç¡B¥æ³q¤j¾Çµ¥´¿¨Ï¥Î¦¹ºØÃþ«¬ªºÁä½L
- ¤p«¬Áä½L¡GÀ³¥Îpºâ¾÷즳^¤åÁä½L¾á¥ô¿é¤J¤u§@(¦pª`µ¿é¤Jªk¡B¤¤¤å¦r¥Àªk)¡C¦¹ºØ¿é¤J¤è¦¡¡A»Ýn¼ô±x¤¤¤å½s½X¡A¤è¯à¾Þ§@¨³³t¡C¤ý¦w¹q¸£¤½¥q¡B§»ùÖ¹q¸£¤½¥q§Y±Ä¥Î¦¹ºØÃþ«¬ªº¤¤¤åÁä½L
- ¥@¬É³Ì¥j¦Ñªº¤¤«¬¤¤¤åÁä½L(1973)
- ¥æ¤jpºâ¾÷¬ì¾Ç¨t¬ù¦b¦è¤¸1973¦~º»s§¹¦¨ªº¤¤¤å¿é¤JÁä½L
- ¬°¥@¬É³Ì¥j¦Ñªº¤¤«¬¤¤¤åÁä½L(20x32Áä)
- ±Ä¥Î¦r®Ú¿é¤Jªk
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- ¦¹¤¤«¬¤¤¤åÁä½L¥Ñ¥æ¤jÁ²M«T±Ð±Â«ü¾É¼B¿üÅï¬ã¨s¥Í¬ã»s§¹¦¨
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- Central Processing Module
- ±Ä¥Î Intel 8008 ¤K¦ì¤¸³æ´¹¤ù·L³B²z¾¹
- Input and Multiplexing Module
- Output Module
- Memory Module
- RAM ®e¶q¶È¦³ 1,792¦r (¤K¦ì¤¸/¦r¡F¥iÂX¥R¨ì16¤d¦r)
- Console and Display Module
- Interrupt Management Module
- TTY Interface Module
- ³s±µ¨ì HP2752A Teleprinter
- Ãþ¤ñ¤¶±³¡¥÷¡G¦¹¬°¥D¾÷±µ¨ì TR-20 Ãþ¤ñpºâ¾÷ªº¤¶±¹q¸ô¡C§t¤Uz¹q¸ô
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- ¦¹¥i¥Ñµ{¦¡±±¨î¤§¤u·~¾÷±ñ¤â¬O¥Ñ¤@¥H·L¹q¸£¬°¥DÅ骺¾÷±ñ¤H±±¨î³æ¤¸¥[¤W©w¦ì±±¨î³æ¤¸©M¾÷±ñ¤âÁu©Ò²Õ¦¨¡C¨ä¤¤¾÷±ñ¤âÁu¬O±Ä¥Î¤Ó¬¡°Ê«×ªº¾÷±ñµ²ºc¡F±±¨î³æ¤¸¥ÑMotorola¤½¥q¤§³æªO·L¹q¸£6800D2©Ò°µ¦¨¡F©w¦ì±±¨î³æ¤¸§t¤Ó±±¨î¾¹¤À§O±±¨î¤Ó°¨¹F(±±¨î¤âÁu¤W¤U¤§Z¶b°¨¹F¡B±±¨î¤âÁu±ÛÂਤ«×¤§q¶b°¨¹F¡B±±¨î¤âÁu¦ùÁY¤§R¶b°¨¹F¡B±±¨î¤âµÃ±ÛÂध°¨¹F¡B¤Î±±¨î§ì©ñ¤§¤ö°¨¹F)¡C¦¹¨t²Î¥i¸g¥Ñ±Ð¾ÉÁä½L¨Ó§@Âk¹s¡B¤H¤u±±¨î±Ð¾É¡B¦ì¸m¸ê®Æª½±µ¿é¤J¡B©M«½Æ¾Þ§@¥|ºØ¾Þ§@¤è¦¡
- ¦¹¥i¥Ñµ{¦¡±±¨î¤§¤u·~¾÷±ñ¤â¥Ñ½²¤¤¤t±Ð±Â¤Î®}¨Î»Ê³Õ¤h¦@¦P«ü¾É½²°¶«Ø¬ã¨s¥Í¶O®É¤@¦~¡A¦Û¶O¬ã»s§¹¦¨
- Ä~¦¹¥æ¤j¤@¸¹¾÷±ñ¤â«á¡A¥»®Õ®v¥Í¤S³°Äò¬ã»s¦¨¥\¥æ¤j¤G¸¹¡B¥æ¤j¤T¸¹
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- ¦¹¨t²Î¥Ñ½²¤å²»±Ð±Â«ü¾É¬ã¨s¥ÍS¾^¶v©Ò¬ã»s
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- ¥æ¤j¸ê¤u¨t©ó1985¦~4¤ë©Ò¦Û»s§¹¦¨ªº²×ºÝ¾÷¦øªA¾¹(Terminal Server)¨Ï¥ÎZ-80·L³B²z¾¹¬°±±¨î®Ö¤ß¡A°õ¦æ¦hӲ׺ݾ÷»P¥Dpºâ¾÷¤§¶¡³s½uªº¤Á´«¤u§@¡C¥Ñ©ó¦Û¦æ³]p»s§@¨Ï±o¦¨¥»¥Ñ10¸U°¬°1¸U¥H¤U
- ¦¹¦Û»sªº¨t²Î¦Û1985¦~´N¶}©l¾á¥ô®Õ¤ºVAX 11/780¥D¾÷»P¦h³¡²×ºÝ¾÷¤§¶¡¤Á´«³s½u¤§¦øªA¾¹¡A¦¹¨t²Î¹B§@¤F±Nªñ¤Q¦~¤~°h¥ð
- 1985¦~©Ò¦Û»sªº²×ºÝ¾÷¦øªA¾¹¤´¥Ñ¸ê¤u¨tªLª@Ä£Á¿®v«ü¾É¾Ç¥Í¹ùõÛ¡B±i¸t³W¡B¶À·ç®Ì©Ò¬ã»s§¹¦¨
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- °ê¬ì·|´¹¤ù³]p¤¤¤ß³Ì¦»s¦¨¤§¿nÅé¹q¸ô(1985)
- °ê¬ì·|´¹¤ù³]p¤¤¤ß(CIC)³Ì¦»s¦¨¤§¿nÅé¹q¸ô¥Ñ¥»®Õp¤u¨t®v¥Íº¥ý¦Û¦æ¶}µoVLSI/CAD³nÅé System V¡B±µµÛ¥H¦¹³nÅé»s§@©Ò¶·ªº¥ú¸n¡B
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- ¦¹¹q¤l½ü½L¿nÅé¹q¸ô¥Ñ¼B®¶º~±Ð±Â«ü¾É¬ã¨s¥Í¬ã»s§¹¦¨¡C(ÄÝ°ê¬ì·|MPC¬ã¨sp¹º)
|
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- ¦è¤¸1986¦~¥æ³q¤j¾Çpºâ¾÷¤uµ{¨t®v¥Í¬ã»s¦¨¥\°ê¤º²Ä¤@®M¥i±Æ¦L¥þ¶¤¤¤å³ø¯Èªº¹q¸£¤Æ¨t²Î¡C¦¹¥þ°êº»s¤§¤¤¤å³ø¯È¥þ¶²Õª©¨t²Î¦p¤Uz
- VAX-11/780¶W¯Å°g§Apºâ¾÷ (DEC¤½¥q)¡G¬°²Õª©¨t²Î¤§¥D¾÷
- CCRT 1640¤¤¤åÁä½L (¯«³q¤½¥q)¡G¨Ï¥ÎªÌÂǤ§Áä¤J¤p¼Ë¤å³¹©M¼ÐÃD¤º®e
- Tektronix 4114ø¹Ï²×ºÝ¾÷¡G·í²Õª©²×ºÝ¾÷¡A¦¹²×ºÝ¾÷¦@¥iÅã¥Ü4096x4096ÂI¡A¥Î¨ÓÅã¥Ü¥þ¶²Õª©¤§¼ÒÀÀµ²ªG
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- Canon¹p®g¦Lªí¾÷¡G¥i¦L»s¥þ¶³ø¯È
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- ¥æ¤j¦Û1986¦~°_¡A§Yªø´ÁP¤O©ó¡u¥H¹q¸£µøı§@³°¤W¦Û°Ê¨®¾É¯è¡v¤§¬ã¨s¡A¦b1988¦~¦Û»s§¹¦¨¥þ°ê²Ä¤@³¡¨ã¦³¥ßÅé¹q¸£µøıªº¦Û°Ê¨®¡A¨ä«á¨Ã³sÄò¬ãµo¥X¥|¥N¦³¤£¦Pµøı¤Î´¼¼z¯à¤O¤§¦Û°Ê¨®
- ¦¹¨t²Î¥Ñ½²¤å²»±Ð±Â«ü¾É¬ã¨s¥ÍÅUÄ_¸Î¡B±i¬üÎg©Ò¬ã»s
|
71
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- ¦Û»sªº¾Ç²ß³æªO·L¹q¸£(1990)
- ¥æ¤j¸ê¤u¨t©ó1990¦~©Ò¦Û»s§¹¦¨ªº¾Ç²ß³æªO·L¹q¸£¨t²Î¥]¬A¤U¦C´XÓ³¡¥÷
- ¨t²Î³¡¥÷
- Intel 8088 microprocessor (8 bits¡F HMOS)
- 8087 Numeric data coprocessor
- 8284 Clock generator and drive
- 8288 Bus controller
- 8254 Programmable interval Timer
- 8259 Priority Interrupt Control Unit (PICU)
- °O¾ÐÅ鳡¥÷
- 27256 (32K bytes ROM) x 2
- 62256 (32K bytes SRAM) x 4
- ¿é¥X¤J³¡¥÷
- 8251 (Serial I/O Port; USART)
- 16550 (UART with FIFOs)
- 8255 (Parallel I/O port; PIO)
- Extended bus slot x 3
- °O¾ÐÅ骽±µ¶Ç°e³¡¥÷
- 8237 (DMA controller)
- 74670 (DMA high address page register)
- ²{¤µ(1999)¡A¦b¡u·Lºâ¾÷¨t²Î¹êÅç¡v½Òµ{¤¤¡A¤´±Ä¥Î¦¹®M·L¹q¸£¨t²Î§@¹êÅç
- 1990¦~©Ò¦Û»sªº³æªO·L¹q¸£¨t²Î¤´¥Ñ¸ê¤u¨t¦¿l·½Á¿®v(·í®É¬°§U±Ð)°Ñ¦ÒIBM PC-XT¥D¾÷ªO©Ò¬ã»s¡A¨Ã«ü¾É¤j¾Ç³¡¾Ç¥Í´ú¸Õ§¹¦¨
|
72
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- ¦^¾Ð (1998)
- Memory
- ¥»¸ê®Æ¥Ñ±i«ï§g±Ð±Â(T. C. Chang)´£¨Ñ
|
73
|
- µêÀÀ¶³¾]¸¨® (2000)
- Virtual Roller Coaster
- ¥»¸ê®Æ¥Ñ¬I¤¯©¾±Ð±Â(Z. C. Shih)´£¨Ñ
|
74
|
- °ê¥x»y¤å¥y½»yµ¦X¦¨¨t²Î(2001)
Mandarin/Taiwanese Text-to-Speech System
- ¤å¥y½»yµ¨t²Î¡]Text-to-Speech System¡^¤D¤@¦Û°Ê±N¥ô·N¤å¥yÂন¦ÛµMµ¤§¸Ë¸m¡C¦¹TTS¬O¤@®M¯Â³nÅé¨t²Î¥Ñ¥|Ó¥Dn³¡¤À²Õ¦¨¡G
- ¤å¥y¤ÀªR
- Ãý«ß°T®§²£¥Í¾¹
- °ò¥»µ¸`»yµ¸ê®Æ®w
- »yµ¦X¦¨¾¹
- TTS¨t²ÎªºÀ³¥Î¬Û·í¼sªx¡AÁ|¤Z¦³Án®Ñ¡B§Y®É·s»D¡Be-mail Ū¨ú¤Î¦h´CÅé¸ê°T¨t²Î¡A§¡¥i§Q¥ÎTTS¨t²Î¡C
- ¥»¸ê®Æ¥Ñ³¯«H§»±Ð±Â(S. H Chen)¡B¤ý¶h¦p°Æ±Ð±Â
- (Y. R. Wang)´£¨Ñ
|
75
|
- ¼Æ¦ì«Ø¿v¦Û¥Ñ§ÎÅé¹êÅç(2001)
- Digital
Architecture Free-Form Experiment
- ³]p³æ¦ì¡G¥æ³q¤j¾Ç«Ø¿v¬ã¨s©Ò
- ³]p®É¶¡¡G2000/11/26 ~
2001/6/15
- ³o¬OÓ¥æ¤j³Ç¥X®Õ¤Í¸§»²M¥ý¥ÍÓ¤HÃÙ§U«Ø¿v¬ã¨s©Òªº¼Æ¦ì«Ø¿v¹êÅç¡A°ò¦a¦ì©ó¦Á¤îªº¤½«H¹q¤l¤½¥q¤T¼Ó±µ«Ý¤jÆU¡C³oӼƦì«Ø¿v¹êÅç±q·§©À¡Bªì¨B¤ÀªR¡B¹q¸£¼Ò«¬¤Î¹êÅé¹p®g¤Á³Î´ú¸Õ¡B¦â±mp¹º¡B§÷®Æ¤Îµ²ºc¦U¤è±ªº´ú¸Õ«á¡A¶}©l±q¨Æ¦Û¥Ñ§ÎÅéºc¥ó³æ¤¸¤§´ú¸Õ¤Î¥Í²£¡C¥Ñ©ó¦Û¥Ñ§ÎÅ骺³]p¤¤¨S¦³¥ô¦ó¤@³æ¤¸¬°¼Ð·Ç¤Æ¤§¼Ò¯x¤Î¤Ø¤o¡A¦U¦Û¦³¤£¦Pªº¨¤«×¤Î¦±±¡A¦b´x±±¡B´ú¸Õ¤Î¥Í²£¤W®æ¥~»Ýnºë·Ç«×¡A§ó¥Ñ©ó¥Ø«eªº«Ø¿v¤u·~¥¼¯à¦³¦p¦¹¤§¤ô·Ç¡A§ÚÌ°w¹ïª÷Äݺc¥ó¤Îª÷ÄÝªí±§÷®Æªº¹p®g¤Á³Î»s§@¡A»PÀ£§J¤Oªí±§÷®Æªº¯uªÅ¦¨«¬¡A§Ų́«³X¤F°ª¬ì§Þ²£«~³]p¡A§Æ±æ¯à½T¹êªº±±¨î¨ä0.5mm¥Í²£ºë±K«×¡C
- (¸ê®Æ¥Ñ¼B¨|ªF±Ð±Â´£¨Ñ)
- This project is an
experiment of digital architecture at NCTU, Taiwan, sponsored by Mr. Ching-Hong
Yeah who is an outstanding alumnus of NCTU. The site is the reception
hall of the Bcom corporation, on the third floor of a 25-story
building. Within the 40 days, concepts, early spatial analysis, digital
and physical models, laser-cutting text, color scheme, material,
lighting, and structural analysis were all completed. There were no any
modular or standardized frame or surface in the design. In fact, there
was no module at all! We should be able to control a high degree of
accuracy and efficiency for producing all different angles and curves.
The design team searched for assistance from high-tech industrial
design companies to test 0.5mm accurate laser-cutting and
rapid-prototyping technologies.
- (Courtesy of Professor Y. T. Liu)
|
76
|
- µ°TÀ£ÁY·Ç«h»P¦ì¤¸¤À°t¤èªk(2002)
- Audio Compression Criterion and Bit
Allocation Method
- ³]p®É¶¡¡G1998 ~2002
- ¬ã¨s¥DÃD-- ´£¥X·sªºµ°TÀ£ÁY·Ç«h»P¦ì¤¸¤À°t¤èªk¡C¦¹¤èªk¥i¥Î©ó²{¤µÀ£ÁY¼Ð·Ç¡A¦p MPEG1¡BMPEG2¡B©M MPEG4 µ¥µ°TÀ£ÁY¼Ð·Ç¨Ó§ï¶iµ°T«~½è©Mpºâ½ÆÂø«×¡C
- (¸ê®Æ¥Ñ¼B±Ò¥Á±Ð±Â´£¨Ñ)
- (Courtesy of Professors C. M. Liu)
|
77
|
- ¦h´CÅé´¹¤ù(2002)
- Multimedia VLSI Chip
- ³]p³æ¦ì¡G ¥æ³q¤j¾Ç¹q¤l¬ã¨s©Ò
- ³]p®É¶¡¡G1999/07/01 ~ 2002/6/30
- ¦h´CÅé¨t²Î²[»\µø°T¼v¹³¡B¹q¸£Ã¸¹Ï¤Îµ°T³B²zµ¥µ¥¡A¨t²Î¤¤¥]§t¼ÆÓ«nªº¹Bºâ³B²z³æ¤¸¡A¦¹¹Ï¤¤©Ò¥Ü¬°¥]§t¤Tӳ椸¡A¤W¤è¬°¤@Ó¨C¬í¥i¥H³B²z400¸U¹³¯ÀªºÂ÷´²¾l©¶Âà´«¤Î¤ÏÂà´«³æ¤¸¡A¤¤¶¡¹q¸£¤¤©Ò¥Ü¬°¤@ÓÀ³¥Î©ó¤T«×ªÅ¶¡¹q¸£Ã¸¹Ïªº¥ú«G«×pºâ³æ¤¸¤§³]p¹Ï¡A¤U¤è¬°¤@MP3/CDÀH¨Å¥Âú§Î¡A¤º§t¦³§ÚÌ©Ò³]pªº¿ù»~§ó¥¿³B²z³æ¤¸¡A¬ÛÃöªº¬ã¨spµe¬Ò¥Ñ°ê¬ì·|©ÒÃÙ§U¡C¥Ñ©ó¦h´CÅéÀ³¥Îªº½´«kµo®i¡A³æ´¹¤ù¨t²Î¬O³Ì¨ã¦¨¥»®Ä¯q¤Î°ª®Ä¯àªº¡A¦]¦¹§ÚÌ¥ý¥Ñ¦UÓ«nªº¹Bºâ³æ¤¸µÛ¤â¡A¦bºtºâªk¤ÎµwÅé¬[ºc¤W°µ§ï¶i¡A¨Ã¥]¸Ë¦¨¤@IP¡A¥H§Q¤é«á¾ã¦X¶i¨t²Î´¹¤ù¤¤¡A¤é«á§Ú̱N¹Á¸Õ±N¼eÀWµL½u¨t²Î©M¦h´CÅéµ²¦X¦¨¤@¨t²Î´¹¤ù¡A¹ê²{µL©Ò¤£¦bªº¹BºâÀô¡C
- (¸ê®Æ¥Ñ§õÂí©y±Ð±Â¡B³¯¥¿½å³Õ¤h¥Í´£¨Ñ)
- The multimedia system includes video, computer graphics and audio
processing. There are several key operation units in the system. Three
operation units are shown in this figure. Top is a 400 M pixel/sec
DCT/IDCT processing unit. Middle is the layout of light calculation
unit for three dimensional computer graphics. And the bottom is a
prototype of MP3/CD player. We design the forward error correction unit
in this prototype. All of the related researches are sponsored from NSC
(National Science Council).
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78
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- System-on-chip is the highest performance and lowest cost system to
meet the requirement of continuous growing multimedia applications.
Thus we focus on the key components in the beginning. We develop and
improve the algorithms as well as hardware architecture. The design
target is to integrate several IP (Intelligent Property) into future
system-chip. In future projects, we will try to integrate the broadband
wireless communication system with multimedia system to create a
ubiquitous computing environment.
- (Courtesy of Professor C. Y. Lee; C. H. Chen )
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79
|
- MPEG¦ê¬yµø°T¥¥x»P¨t²Î¼ÒÀÀ(2002/10); MPEG
Video Streaming Platform and System Simulation
- ¦³¨âÓ¬ã¨sp¹º»P¦¹¬ÛÃö;
- (1) MPEG-4¼Ð·Çµø°TÀ£ÁY¤§°Ñ·Ó³nÅ骺¾ã¦X(§õ¥ß¥x´ºô¸ô¬ã¨s¤¤¤ß)
- (2) MPEG-4»PMPEG-7¨t²Î§Þ³N¤§¬ã¨s(°ê®a¬ì¾Ç©eû·|)
- (¸ê®Æ¥ÑªC¾Ç»ï±Ð±Â¡B§õ¯À·ë±Ð±Â¡B½±}»¨§U²z±Ð±Â¡B½²²E¤¯§U²z±Ð±Â´£¨Ñ)
- (Courtesy of Professors H. M. Hang, S. Y. Lee, T. H. Chiang, and C. J.
Tsai)
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80
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- ¹Ï§ÎÃѧO 61,1¡F69,2
- pºâ¾÷°»¿ù 61,1
- pºâ¾÷»²§U³]p 61,1
- ¸ê®Æ³B²z 61,1¡F67,1
- ®ø®§µ²ºc 61,1
- ¼Æ¦ì¨t²Î¾É½× 61,1
- ½sĶ¤èªk 61,2
- ¨t²Î¼ÒÀÀ 61,2¡F67,1
- §@·~¨t²Î¾É½× I, II 62,1¡F62,2
- À³¥Î²Õ¦X¼Æ¾Ç 62,1
- ¼Æ¾Ú°ò¦aºÞ²z 62,2
- µ¥«Ý²z½× 62,2
- ¦Û°Ê¾÷²z½× 63,1¡F68,2
- ¨t²Îµ{¦¡ 63,1¡F67,1
- ¸ê®ÆÀx¦s¤Î´M¨ú 63,1
- °g§Apºâ¾÷¤Î¨äÀ³¥Î 63,1
- ¥¿³W»y¨¥ 63,2¡F67,2
- pºâ¾÷ºc³y 64,1
- ·Lºâ¾÷¨t²Î 64,2
- ¼Æ¦ì³q°T¨t²Î 64,2
- pºâ¾÷²Õ´ 65,1¡F67,2
- pºâ¾÷·§½× 67,1
- ¼Æ¦ì¨t²Î¾É½× 67,1
- ¼Æ¦ì¨t²Î¹ê²ß 67,1
- ¼Æ¦ì¨t²Î³]p 67,1
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89
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- pºâ¾÷µ{¦¡(µ{¦¡»y¨¥) 67,1
- pºâ¾÷µ{¦¡(²Õ¦X»y¨¥) 67,1
- ¸ê®Æµ²ºc 67,1
- pºâ¾÷¨t²Î¬ã°Q 67,1
- µw«~¨t²Î±MÃD 67,1
- ³n«~¨t²Î±MÃD 67,1
- ·Lµ{¦¡p¹º 67,1¡F70,2
- ¸ê®Æ¶Ç¿é 67,1
- ³n«~¤uµ{±MÃD 67,1
- ¶gÃä¾÷¸Ë¸m 65,1¡F67,1¡F69,1
- ¸ê®Æ°ò©³ºÞ²z¨t²Î 67,1
- ¿ù»~°»¿ù¤Î¶EÂ_ 67,1
- ´ºª«¤ÀªR»P³B²z 67,1; 69,1
- ·Lºâ¾÷¤Î¨äÀ³¥Î 67,1
- ¦Û°Ê¾÷»P§Î¦¡»y¨¥¤§²z½× 67,2
- pºâ¾÷¹Ï¾Ç 67,2¡F71,2
- pºâ¾÷©Ê¯àµû¦ô 67,2
- ¼Æ¾Ú¶Ç¿é»Ppºâ¾÷ºô¸ô 67,2
- °ªµ¥½sĶ¾¹³]p 67,2
- Ô¦ø²z½× 68,1
- ¤H¤u´¼¼z 68,2
- ºÞ²z±¡³ø¨t²Î 68,2
- ¹Ï¾Ç²z½×»PÀ³¥Î 68,2
- pºâ¾÷¸ê®Æ¦w¥þ 68,2
- pºâ¾÷¤èªk¤ÀªR 68,2
- ½sĶµ{¦¡µ²ºc 69,1
- ³n«~¤uµ{ 69,1
- ¿nÅé¹q¸ôªº°ò¦»PÀ³¥Î ?
- °g§A·Lºâ¾÷¨t²Î³]p ?
|
90
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- µw«~¨t²Î±MÃD 69,2
- ¾÷²v¦Û°Ê¾÷ 69,2
- ¸ê°T²z½× 69,2¡F71,2
- ¼Æ¦ì¨t²Î¹ê²ß 69,2
- ¼v¹³³B²z¾É½× 69,2
- ¸ê®Æ®wºÞ²z¨t²Î¤¶²Ð 69,2
- ÀÉ®×µ²ºc 70,2
- ¼ÆÕu³q°T·§½× 70,2
- °ªµ¥pºâ¾÷¤èªk¤ÀªR±MÃD 70,2
- pºâ¾÷ºô¸ô 71,2
- ºÞ½u»P¥¦æ³B²zµ²ºc 71,2
|
91
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- ¥æ³q¤j¾Ç¸ê°T¤uµ{¬ã¨s©Ò³Õ¤h¯Z¦¨¥ß¤Q¶g¦~¬ö©À
|
92
|
|
93
|
|
94
|
|
95
|
|
96
|
|
97
|
- ¥D°O¾ÐÅ餧ºt¶i (Evolution of Main Memory)
|
98
|
- ª«Åé¬Û¹ï¦ì¸m(Relative Position of Objects)
- ºâ½L(Abacus or Swan Pan)
- (¦è¤¸1300¦~) ºâ½LºÙ±o¤W¬O³Ì¦±Ä¥Î¤§¤â°Ê¦¡pºâ¾¹¡C¦Ü¤µÁÙ¥i¦b»·ªF°ÏªºªÀ·|¤¤¨£¨ì¡C¨ä¥H¯]¤l¦b±ì¤Wªº¦ì¸m¥NªíÀx¦sªº¼ÆÈ¡C (¥»ºâ½LÀx¦s¤F269¡C)
- (1300 A.D.) The abacus is the earliest manual calculator. Its use in
the Far East¡¦s society is still
noticeable. The positions of the beads in rods represent the
number stored in the abacus. (The number stored in the abacus is 269.)
- pºâ¤Ø(Slide Rule)
- (¦è¤¸1630¦~) pºâ¤Ø¬°¨â¤ù¨ä¤W¼Ð¦³¹ï¼Æ®y¼Ð ªºª½¤Ø©Òºc¦¨¡C¬°¤@ºØ¤â°Êpºâ¾¹¡A¥i¦b¨ä¤W °µ¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¡C (¥»pºâ¤Ø¥Ü½dµÛpºâ 26¡Ñ9 ¤§¤è ¦¡¡C)
- (1630 A. D.) The slide rule consists of a pair of slide rulers with
logarithmic divisions on them. It is a manual calculator on which
mathematical operations can be carried out. (The method to calculate
26¡Ñ9 is demonstrated in the slide rule.)
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99
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- p¼Æ¾¦½ü(Counting Wheel)
- (¦è¤¸1832¦~) p¼Æ¾¦½ü¤´¥H¾¦½ü±ÛÂà©Ò°±ªº¦ì¸m¨M©w©Ò¦s¼ÆȪº¤j¤p¡C ¤Ú¨©ªv¤§®t¼Æ¾÷±Ä¥Îp¼Æ¾¦½üÀx¦s¼ÆÈ¡C (¥»p¼Æ¾¦½üÀx¦s¤F18320¡C)
- (1832 A.D.) The counting wheel stores a number by turning the wheels
to corresponding positions. Babbage¡¦s Difference Engine adopts
counting wheels to store numbers. (The number stored in the counting
wheel is 18320.)
- ¯uªÅºÞ(Vacuum Tube)
- (¦è¤¸1946¦~) ¯uªÅºÞ¤´¥H¨ä¾É³q»P§_¥Nªí ¡§1¡¨ ©Î ¡§0¡¨¡C²Ä¤@³¡¤j«¬¹q¤lpºâ¾÷ ENIAC ±Ä¥Î 18,000 Ó¯uªÅºÞ¥HÀx¦s
20 Ó¤Q¶i¨î¼Æ¡A©Ò±Ä¥Î¤§¯uªÅºÞ¬° 6SN7 Âù¤T·¥Åp¥ÍºÞ¡C(®i¥Ü«~¬° 6SN7 ¯uªÅºÞ¡C¨ä¥iÀx¦s¤@¦ì¤¸ªº¸ê°T¡C)
- (1946 A.D.) A vacuum tube can store a bit of 1 or 0 by
controlling its conducting
states ( ¡§on¡¨ or ¡§off¡¨).
The first large scale electronic computer ENIAC contains 18,000
vacuum tubes to store 20 decimal numbers. The adopted vacuum tube
is 6SN7 double
triode. (The vacuum tube
on exhibition is 6SN7. It can store a bit of information.)
|
100
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- ¤ô»Èµªi©µ¿ð½u(Mercury Delay Line)
- (¦è¤¸1951¦~) ¤ô»Èµªi©µ¿ð½u¤´¬°¥Rº¡¤ô»È¡A¨âºÝ¸Ë¦³´¹ÅéÂà´«¾¹ªººÞ¤l¡C¨ä¥iÀx¦sÁnªi¡C®Ú¾ÚÁnªi¦bºÞ¤º¬Y¤@ÂIªº±j®z¥H¥Nªí ¡§1¡¨ ©Î ¡§0¡¨¡CUNIVAC
I ±Ä¥Î 100 ±ø¤ô»Èµªi©µ¿ð½u¥HÀx¦s1,000¦r(¨C¦r12¦r¥À)¡C
- (1951 A.D.) A mercury delay line is a hollow tube filled with mercury
and sealed with crystals (transducers) on each side. It is used to
store an acoustic wave. The intensity at certain spot of the acoustic
wave determines the stored information is a bit of 1 or 0. UNIVAC I
adopts 100 mercury delay lines to store 1000 words (12 characters
each).
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101
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- ÀR¹qÀx¦s¬M¹³ºÞ(Electrostatic Storage Tube)
- (¦è¤¸1953¦~) ÀR¹qÀx¦s¬M¹³ºÞ¤§µ²ºc¦ü´¶³q³±·¥®g½uºÞ¡C¨ä§Q¥Î¬M¹³ºÞ¤º¤§³±·¥®g½u¥´¦b¿Ã¹õ¤W¬Y¤@ÂI©Ò²£¥Í¹q¤lªº¦h¹è¥H¥Nªí ¡§1¡¨ ©Î ¡§0¡¨¡CIBM
701 ¦´Áªº¥D°O¾ÐÅé±Ä¥Î¤F¦hÓÀR¹qÀx¦s¬M¹³ºÞ¥HÀx¦s2,048¦rªº¸ê®Æ(¨C¦r36¦ì¤¸)¡C
- (1953 A.D.) The overall construction of an electrostatic storage tube
is similar to conventional CRT(Cathode Ray Tube). A bit of 1 or 0 is
stored by planting electronic charge at a spot on the CRT screen. The
earlier main memory of IBM 701 adopts several electrostatic storage
tubes to store 2,048 words (36 bits/word).
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102
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- ±ÛÂàºÏ¹ª(Rotating Magnetic Drum)
- (¦è¤¸1954¦~) ±ÛÂàºÏ¹ª¬°¦bªí±¤WÁᦳºÏ©Ê§÷®Æ¤§¶ê¬WÅé¡C®Ú¾ÚºÏ¹ªºÏ©Êªí±¤W¬Y¤@ÂIªººÏ¤Æª¬ºA¥H¥Nªí ¡§1¡¨ ©Î ¡§0¡¨¡C IBM 650
±Ä¥Îª½®|¬° 4¦T¡Aªø¬°14¦TªººÏ¹ª¥HÀx¦s 2,000 ¦rªº¸ê®Æ(¨C¦r 10 ¦ì¼Æ)¡C
- (1954 A.D.) A rotating magnetic drum is a circular cylinder coated
with magnetic material. A bit of 1 or 0 is stored in the drum by
magnetizing a spot on the surface of the drum. IBM 650 adopts a
rotating magnetic drum (4 inch diameter and 14 inch long) to store 2,000
words (10 digits/word).
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103
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- ºÏ°é°O¾ÐÅé(Core Memory)
- (¦è¤¸1959¦~) ºÏ°é°O¾ÐÅ餴¥Ñ«Ü¦h±Æ¦C¾ã»ôªººÏ°é©Ò²Õ¦¨¡A¦Ó¨C¤@ºÏ°é«h¬°¤@ºÏ©Ê§÷®Æ©Ò»s¦¨ªº²Ó¤pÀô§ÎÅé¡A®Ú¾ÚºÏ°é¤§¶¶¤Ï®É°wºÏ¤Æ¤è¦V¥H¥Nªí ¡§1¡¨
©Î ¡§0¡¨¡CIBM 1620 ¤§¥D°O¾ÐÅé±Ä¥ÎºÏ°é°O¾ÐÅé¡AÀx¦s®e¶q¬°2¸U¦r¥À (¨C¦r¥À6¦ì¤¸)¡C
- (1959 A.D.) A core memory is composed of an array of magnetic cores.
A magnetic core is a tiny doughnut-shaped ring made of ferrite. A bit
of 1 or 0 can be stored in a core by magnetizing the core in either
clockwise or counterclockwise directions. IBM 1620 adopts core memory
to store 20K characters (6 bits/character).
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104
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- ¿nÅé¹q¸ô°O¾ÐÅé(Integrated-Circuit Memory)
- (¦è¤¸1972¦~) ¿nÅé¹q¸ô°O¾ÐÅ餤¿nÅé¹q¸ô¤´¥Ñ«Ü¦h±Æ¦C¾ã»ôªºª÷®ñ¥b(MOS)¹q´¹Åé©Ò²Õ¦¨¡A¤@өμÆÓMOS¹q´¹Åé²Õ¦¨¤@°ò¥»Àx¦s¤¸¥ó¡A®Ú¾Ú°ò¥»Àx¦s¤¸¥ó©ÒÀx¦s¹q¶q¤§¤j¦h¤Ö¥H¥Nªí
¡§1¡¨ ©Î ¡§0¡¨ ¡C IBM System/370 168«¬ ¤§¥D°O¾ÐÅé¥Ñ®e¶q¬°1000¦ì¤¸¤§¿nÅé¹q¸ô©Ò²Õ¦¨¡A¥D°O¾ÐÅ餧®e¶q¥i¤j¨ì8x106¦ì¤¸²Õ¡C
- (1972 A.D.) The integrated-circuit (IC) memory is composed of an
array of MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) transistors. One or a few MOS
transistors constitute a basic cell. According to the amount of charge
stored the the basic cell, a bit of 1 or 0 can be stored. The main
memory of IBM System/370 Model 168 adopts 1000-bit IC memories to
store up to 8 million bytes.
- ÀH¾÷¦s¨ú°O¾ÐÅé¿nÅé¹q¸ôÀx¦s®e¶q¤§ºt¶i(Evolution
of the Storage Capacity of
RAM IC)
- ¥Ñ©ó¥b¾ÉÅé§Þ³N¤§¨³³t¶i®i¡AÀH¾÷¦s¨ú°O¾ÐÅé¿nÅé¹q¸ô»ù®æ¶V¨Ó¶V«K©y¡B³t«×¶V¨Ó¶V§Ö¡BÀx¦s®e¶q¶V¨Ó¶V¤j¡Cµuµu¤T¤Q´X¦~Àx¦s®e¶q¤w¥Ñ256¦ì¤¸¼W¥[¨ì¼Æ¦Ê¸U¦ì¤¸¡C
- Due to the tremendous progress in semiconductor technology, the RAM
ICs are getting cheaper,
faster, and lager in storage capacity. In about thirty years,
the storage capacity of a RAM IC increases from 256 bits to several
hundred million bits.
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105
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- Àx¦s®e¶q(¦ì¤¸) ¦~
- Storage
Capacity(bits) year
- 256 1969
- 1,000 1970
- 8,000 1973
- 16,000 1976
- 64,000 1979
- 1000,000 1985
- 4000,000 1988
- ¡P
- ¡P
- ¡P
- 128,000,000 1998
- 256,000,000 2000
- 1024 bits: AMS6002
- 4096 bits: NEC mPD2114LC
- 16K bits: Mostek MK4116
- 64K bits: Toshiba TMM4164
- 256K bits: Sansung KM41256
- 1M bits: Toshiba TC514256
- 4M bits: Hitachi HM514100
- 16M bits: Toshiba TC59S1608
- 64M bits: Hitachi
HM5264165TT
- 128M: Winbond W981208AH
- 256M: Micro Q TLC32M8T
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106
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- °ßŪ°O¾ÐÅé¿nÅé¹q¸ôÀx¦s®e¶q¤§ºt¶i(Evolution of
the Storage Capacity of ROM IC)
- Ãþ¦üÀH¾÷¦s¨ú°O¾ÐÅé¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡A°ßŪ°O¾ÐÅé¿nÅé¹q¸ô¤§Àx¦s®e¶q¤]¶i®i¨³³t¡C
- Similar to the RAM IC, the storage capacity of a ROM IC increases
tremendously.
- Àx¦s®e¶q(¦ì¤¸²Õ*) ¦~
- Storage Capacity(byte) year EPROM&
- 256 1972 1702
- 1,000 1975 2708
- 2,000 1977 2716
- 4,000
2732
- 8,000
2764
- 16,000
27128
- 32,000
27256
- 64,000
27512 ¡P
- ¡P
- ¡P
- 1,000,000 2000 27C801
- 4,000,000 2000 27C320
- * ¤@¦ì¤¸²Õ¹ïÀ³¤K¦ì¤¸ (1 byte=8
bits)
- & ©Ù°£¦¡°ßŪ°O¾ÐÅé(Erasable Programmable ROM)
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107
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- 1K bytes: 2708
- 2K bytes: 2716
- 4K bytes: 2732
- 8K bytes: 2764
- 16K bytes: 27128
- 32K bytes: 27256
- 64K bytes: 27512
- 1M bytes: 27C801
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- »²§U°O¾ÐÅé (Auxiliary Memory)
- »²§U°O¾ÐÅé¤SºÙ¦¸°O¾ÐÅé¡C¦b¤@pºâ¾÷¨t²Î¤º¥Î¥H¼È®ÉÀx¦s¸ê®Æ¥H«Kº¸«á¦A¥Î¡C
- Auxiliary memory is also known as secondary memory. In a computer
system, it is used to store temporary data for latter reuse.
- ¯È±a(paper tape)
- ¥d¤ù(punched card)
- ¿ýµ±a(audio tape)
- ºÏ±a(magnetic tape)
- ºÏ¥d(magnetic card)
- ºÏ¹ª(magnetic drum)
- ºÏºÐ(disk)
- ºÏºÐ²Õ(disk pack)
- ºÏºÐ§X(disk cartridge)
- µwºÐ(hard disk)
- ³nºÐ(floppy disk)
- ¥úºÐ(optical disk)
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109
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- ·L³B²z¾¹¤§ºt¶i (Evolution of Microprocessor)
- ^¯Sº¸¤½¥q©ó¦è¤¸1971¦~11¤ë±À¥X¥@¬É²Ä¤@Áû³æ´¹¤ù4¦ì¤¸·L³B²z¾¹ Intel 4004¡C¤§«á¡A ±K«×§ó°ª¡B³t«×§ó§Öªº·L³B²z¾¹³°Äò¥X²{¡Cµuµu¤T¤Q´X¦~¥Ñ¶È§t¦³
2,250 Ó¹q´¹Åé¡B®ÉÄÁÀW²v¬° 108 KHz ªº·L³B²z¾¹ Intel 4004 ¶i®i¨ì§t¦³ 42M Ó¹q´¹Åé¡B®ÉÄÁÀW²v¬° 2.8 GHz ªº
Pentium 4 ·L³B²z¾¹¡C
- In November of 1971, the world's first single-chip microprocessor, the
Intel 4004, was released. Afterward, many single-chip microprocessors
are introduced which are higher in density and faster in speed. In about
30 years, the microprocessors have been evolved from the Intel 4004
with 2,250 transistors and a clock rate of 108 kHz to Intel Pentium 4
with 42 M transistors and a clock rate of 2.8 GHz.
|
110
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111
|
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112
|
- ¤¤«¬¤¤¤åÁä½L(Medium-size Chinese Keyboard)
- (¦è¤¸1973¦~) pºâ¾÷¬ì¾Ç¨t®v¥Í¦Û»sªº¤¤«¬¤¤¤åÁä½L¡C¨ä¬°¥@¬É³Ì¥j¦Ñªº¤¤«¬¤¤¤åÁä½L¡A¦@¦³20x32Áä¡A§t496¦r®Ú¡C
- (1973 A. D.) This medium-size Chinese keyboard is implemented by the
investigators at the Department of Computer Science. It is the earliest
medium-size Chinese keyboard in world. It has 20¡Ñ32 keys with 496
Chinese radicals.
- ²×ºÝ¾÷¦øªA¾¹(Terminal Server)
- (¦è¤¸1985¦~) p¤u¨t®v¥Í¦Û»sªº²×ºÝ¾÷¦øªA¾¹¡C¨ä¨Ï¥Î Z80 ·L³B²z¾¹¬°±±¨î®Ö¤ß¡A°õ¦æ¦hӲ׺ݾ÷»P¥Dpºâ¾÷¤§¶¡³s½uªº¤Á´«¤u§@¡C
- (1985 A. D.) This terminal server is implemented by the investigators
at the Department of Computer Engineering. It uses the microprocessor Z80 to
control the switching operations of several terminals and host
computers.
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113
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- ¹q¤l½ü½L¿nÅé¹q¸ô (Roulette Integrated-Circuit)
- (¦è¤¸1985¦~) °ê¬ì·|´¹¤ù³]p¤¤¤ß³Ì¦»s¦¨¤§¿nÅé¹q¸ô¡C¦¹¿nÅé¹q¸ô¤§»s§@¹Lµ{¦p¤Uz¡Cº¥ý¥Hp¤u¨t®v¥Í¦Û¦æ¶}µo¤§³nÅé System V ³]p¿nÅé¹q¸ô§G§½¹Ï¡A¦A¥Ñ¤u§Þ°|¹q¤l©Ò»s§@©Ò¶·ªº¥ú¸n¡A³Ì«á¥Ñ°ê¬ì·|´¹¤ù³]p¤¤¤ß»s§@§¹¦¨¡C
- (1985 A. D.) This is the earliest integrated-circuit(IC) fabricated by
the Chip Implementation (CIC) Center of the National Science Council.
The procedure to fabricate the IC is described as follows. First, the
investigators at the Department of Computer Engineering use the
self-developed software tool System V to design the layout of the IC.
Second, using the layout, Electronic Research and Service Organization
implements the corresponding photo mask. Finally, it is sent to CIC for
IC fabrication.
- ³æªO·L¹q¸£ (Single Board Microcomputer)
- (¦è¤¸1990¦~) ¸ê¤u¨t®v¥Í¦Û»sªº³æªO·L¹q¸£¡C¨ä±Ä¥Î Intel 8088 ·L³B²z¾¹¡C¸ê¤u¨t¦b¡u·Lºâ¾÷¨t²Î¹êÅç¡v½Òµ{¤¤¡A¦h¦~±Ä¥Î¦¹³æªO·L¹q¸£·í¹êÅç±Ð§÷¡C
- (1990 A. D.) This single board microcomputer is implemented by the
investigators at the Department of computer Science and Information
Engineering. The
microprocessor used in this board is Intel 8088. This board has been
adopted as experimental teaching
|
114
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- material in the course of ¡§Microcomputer System Laboratory¡¨ for several
years.
- Ó¤H¥Î¹q¸£(Personal Computer, PC)
- Ó¤H¥Î¹q¸£ªºµwÅ餴¥Ñ³æªO·L¹q¸£¡BÅã¥Ü¾¹¡B¼Ð·ÇÁä½L¡B¤ÎºÏºÐ¾÷©Ò²Õ¦¨¡F¦Ó³nÅ鳡¥÷«h¥Ñ¾Þ§@¨t²Î¤Î¤@¨ÇÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡©Ò²Õ¦¨¡C¦´Á³Ì¨ã¥Nªí©ÊªºÓ¤H¥Î¹q¸£¦³¦è¤¸1977¦~Ä«ªG¹q¸£¤½¥q±À¥Xªº
Apple II (CPU ±Ä¥Î MOS Technology ¤½¥q¤§ 6502; 16 KB RAM; 12 KB ROM) ¤Î¦è¤¸1981¦~
IBM ¤½¥q±À¥Xªº IBM PC (CPU ±Ä¥Î Intel ¤½¥q¤§ 8088; 256 KB RAM; 8 KB ROM)¡C
- The hardware of a PC is composed of a single board computer, a display,
a standard keyboard, and disk drive(s). And its software is composed of
an operating system and application programs. The most representative
early PCs are Apple II from Apple Computer, Inc. and IBM PC from IBM
corporation.
- (1977 A. D.) Apple II
- CPU: MOSTEK 6502
- RAM: 16 KB (up to 48 KB)
- ROM: 12 KB for Monitor, BASIC interpreter, and user programs.
- (1983 A. D.) IBM PC-XT
- CPU: Intel 8088
- RAM: 256 KB (up to 640 KB)
- ROM: 8KB (up to 40 KB)
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115
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- §»ùÖ¤½¥q¤§·L¹q¸£(Multitech¡¦s Micro-Professors)
- (¦è¤¸1981¦~) §»ùÖ¤½¥q±À¥X¤F¦³«~µP¤§·L³B²z¾¹¾Ç²ß®M¥ó¤p±Ð±Â¤@¸¹ (Zilog Z80 ¤§ CPU; 2 KB RAM; 4 KB
ROM; 1.79 MH¤§ ®ÉÄÁÀW²v; ¤»¦ì¼Æ¤§LEDÅã¥Ü¾¹; ¥d¦¡¿ýµ¾÷)¡C¤p±Ð±Â¤@¸¹¬O§»ùÖ¤½¥q¶i¤J¹q¸£²£·~¤§«nùµ{¸O¡C
- (1981 A. D.) Multitech Corporation debuts the first branded
microprocessor learning kit Micro-Professor I (MPF-I). MPF-I is the
most important milestone for Multitech corporation to enter the
computer industry.
- (CPU: Zilog Z80; RAM: 2 KB; ROM: 4 KB; Clock Rate: 1.79 MHz; Display:
six digit LED display; Cassette Tape Recorder.)
- (¦è¤¸1982¦~) §»ùÖ¤½¥q¦b¥xÆW±À¥X¤F²Ä¤@³¡¤K¦ì¤¸®a¥Î¹q¸£¤p±Ð±Â¤G¸¹ ¡C ( MOSTEK 6502¤§CPU; 64 KB RAM; ¹qµøÅã¥Ü¾¹;
BASIC ¸ÑĶ¾¹¡C)
- (1982 A. D.) Multitech Corporation unveils the first 8-bit Taiwan¡¦s
home computer Micro-Professor II (MPF-II). (CPU: MOSTEK 6502; RAM: 64 KB;
TV display; BASIC interpreter.)
- (¦è¤¸1983¦~) §»ùÖ¤½¥q±À¥X¤FÓ¤H¥Î¹q¸£¤p±Ð±Â¤T¸¹ (MOSTEK 6502 ¤§ CPU; 64 KB RAM; CRT Åã¥Ü¾¹; DOS
3.3 ¾Þ§@¨t²Î)¡C
- (1983 A. D.) Multitech Corporation introduces a personal computer
Micro-Professor III (MPF-III).
(CPU: MOSTEK 6502; RAM: 64 KB; CRT display; OS: DOS 3.3.)
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116
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- ¤¤«¬pºâ¾÷ DEC-10 (Medium Scale Computer DEC-10)
- DEC-10 («¬¸¹1040) ¬°°ê¥ß¥æ³q¤j¾Ç©ó¦è¤¸1974¦~©ÒÁʸm¤§¤¤«¬pºâ¾÷¡C¨ä¬°»·ªF²Ä¤@³¡¡C
- ¤¤¥¡³B²z¾÷¡G«¬¦¡KA10
- 36 ¦ì¤¸/¦r¡F ©T½u¦¡±±¨î³æ¤¸
- ¥D°O¾ÐÅé¡G«¬¦¡MF10
- ºÏ°é°O¾ÐÅé¡F°O¾ÐÅé®e¶q¬°96¤d¦r(¦@¨â½c¡A¦³¤@½c¶È§t¤@¥bªº°O¾ÐÅé)¡F¥iÂX¥R¨ì256¤d¦r¡FŪ¼g¶g´Á¬°1·L¬í
- ¾Þ§@¨t²Î
- ¤À®É¨t²Î¤Î¾ã§å³B²z¨t²Î
- ¨Ï¥Î»y¨¥
- MACRO, FORTRAN, ALGOL, BASIC, COBOL, SNOBOL, LISP, GASP, MIX, . . .
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- DEC-10 (Model 1040) was installed in National Chiao Tung University in
1974 A. D. It is the first medium scale computer in the Far East.
- CPU¡GKA10
- 36 bits/word¡F Hard-wired Controller
- Main Memory¡GMF10
- Core memory of capacity 96 Kw (two cabinets of 32 Kw and 64 Kw)¡F1 ms
read-write cycle
- Operating System
- Time-Sharing System and Batch Processing System
- Language
- MACRO, FORTRAN, ALGOL, BASIC, COBOL, SNOBOL, LISP, GASP, MIX, . . .
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- Thanks to the following contributors (·PÁ®i¥Ü«~¡B¹Ï¤ù©Î·Ó¤ù´£¨ÑªÌ)
- The Computer Tree¡GManagement Information Corporation, Cherry Hill, New
Jersey, USA¡FMcGraw-Hill Book Company
- Bifurcation Tree: Peter MacMurchy (Graduate Student, Department of
Computer Science, University of Calgary)
- Chaos Pattern: modified from chaos.jpg in
- http://www3.sympatico.ca/patricia.fimio
- CPU micro photos¡GIntel Corporation,
- http://www.intel.com/intel/intelis/museum/exhibit/hist_micro/hof/
- hof_main.htm
- The Poster on Microprocessor Evolution: Microdesign Resources(www.MDRonline.com);
The Computer Museum History Center(www.tcm.com)
- ¯È±a¡G¥Ñ¤u¬ã°|¾÷±ñ©Òµ{±Ó³y¥ý¥Í©Ò´£¨Ñ¤§¯È±a·Ó±o
- ¤p±Ð±Â¤T¸¹¡G±i°xºû¥ý¥Í(ºñ¦âª¿®qº³¡¦±¥ø¹ºÁ`ºÊ¡A¤l©ö¼v¹³¹Î¶¤)©M³¯Ä£©v±Ð±Â´£¨Ñ
- ºâ½L¡G´¿µØÂz±Ð±Â´£¨Ñ
- pºâ¤Ø¡G½²²M¸q¥ý¥Í´£¨Ñ
- RAM/CPU¡G³¡¥÷¥Ñ±i¨|¸s¥ý¥Í´£¨Ñ
- ÄÁ¼Ó¤Wªº±mi¡G½²Âí¦Ë¥ý¥Í·Ó¬Û
- chaos.jpg: http://www.crystalinks.com/chaos.jpg
- ¤ÑªáªO¹Ï®×¡G½²¤¤¤t±Ð±Â´£¨Ñ
- APPLE II¡BºÏ°é¬Á¼þ²y¡A. . . .¡G½²¤¤¤t±Ð±Â´£¨Ñ
- ŪªÌ¤åºK 1972 ¦~1¤ë¸¹¡G±i«°ê¥ý¥Í´£¨Ñ
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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- Photograph Courtesy of ¡K in Chronology of Computers (pºâ¾÷ºt¶i¦~ªí¤¤·Ó¤ù´£¨ÑªÌ)
- Abacus: The Computer Museum, Boston, MA
- Slide Rule: SINCO-AMNILOG No. 1530A
- Pascalline: Courtesy of IBM Corporation
- Jacquard´s Loom: Courtesy of IBM Corporation
- Babbage´s Difference engine: New York Public Library Picture Collection
- Hollerith´s Tabulating Machine: Courtesy of IBM Corporation
- ABC Computer: Courtesy of Dr. Atanasoff
- MARK I: Courtesy of IBM Corporation
- ENIAC: United Press International Photo
- UNIVAC I: Hagley Museum and Library
- IBM 650: Courtesy of IBM Corporation
- IBM 1620: http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL61-0536.jpg; Courtesy of
IBM Corporation
- IBM 7090: Courtesy of IBM Corporation
- PDP-8: Courtesy of DEC
- IBM System/360: Courtesy of IBM Corporation
- IBM System/370: Courtesy of IBM Corporation
- Apple II: Courtesy of Apple Computer, Inc.
- IBM PC-XT: Courtesy of IBM Corporation
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- Multimedia Engineering of NCTU Museum (¥æ¤jµo®iÀ]¦h´CÅé¤uµ{)
- µo®iÀ]ªì´Á³W¹º
- µq¦t¤uµ{ÅU°Ý¦³¤½¥q
- µo®iÀ]³W¹º
- ªL¤¯§»«Ø¿v®v¨Æ°È©Ò
- ¶®ÁÚ¦h´CÅé³]p¤½¥q
- ¦h´CÅé®i¥Ü³]p¡B»s§@
- «Â§Q¶Ç¼½¦³¤½¥q
- »yµ¾ÉÄý
- ¶®³Í»yµ¾ÉÄý¤½¥q
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- Thanks to the Collection contributors (·PÁ¦¬Âë~´£¨ÑªÌ)
- APPLE II¡G½²¤å¯à±Ð±Â´£¨Ñ
- ¥_¤æ¤C¬P(¬PªÅ1A.gif)¡Ghttp://www.kisnet.or.jp/~yamada/9806gatu.htm
- ( 98¦~¢µ¤ë¸¹ ¡E¥_¤æ¤C¬P¤§¦±½u¡]¬K¤§¤j¦±½u¡^)
- ¥æ¤j©]´º (sky.jpg)¡G¥æ¤jÃÀ¤å¤¤¤ßù´f·ì¤p©j©Ò´£¨Ñ (Äá¼v¡GªL³¨}¡A¼v¹³³B²z¡G¤ý«Ø³Í)
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- Bibliography (°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø)
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(QA76 L 852)
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L989c)
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Real Products, Adam Osborne and Associates, Inc., 1976.
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Examples, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1971.
- [6] ¡u¹q¸£»P¸ê®Æ³B²z¡v³¯°·°¶Ä¶¡A¾§ªL¹Ï®Ñ¤½¥q¡A¥Á°ê71¦~¡C
- [7] ¡§Introduction to the Microprocessor and Personal Computer,¡¨ in
Chapter 1 of Programming the 80286, 80386, 80486, and Pentium-Based
Person Computer, Barry B. Brey,
Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1996.
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Irwin, Inc., 1979. (QA76 L375)
- [9] The Computer Museum History Center, http://www.tcm.org
- [10] Microdesign Resources, http://www.MDRonline.com
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- [11] R. Serrell, et al., ¡§The Evolution of Computing Machines and
Systems,¡¨ Proceedings of the IRE, Vol. 50, No. 5, 1962.
- [12] Next-Generation Computers, Edward A. Torrero (Editor), IEEE Press,
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and Microcomputers, J. T. Cain(Editor), IEEE Computer Society, 1984.
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for classroom and self-instruction, Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers,
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Inc., 1965. (TK7830.83 G 317 2nd)
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(TK7885 In8os)
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1996. (QA76 L 576 1996)
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Fearon-Pitman Publishers, Inc., Belmont, California, 1977. (TK7885
Ed96)
- [32] Gordon B. Davis, Introduction to Computers, McGraw-Hill Book
Company, 1977. (TK7885 D293 1977)
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PCs and Compatibles--Revised and Expanded, Simon&Schuster, Inc.,
1988. (QA76.8 I1015 A78 1988)
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- [40]¡u¥æ³q¤j¾Çº»s¦¨¥\§Ú°ê²Ä¤@³¡¤p«¬¹q¤lpºâ¾÷²¤¶¡v½²¤¤¤t¡A°ê¥ß¥æ³q¤j¾Ç¥æ´«¹êÅç«Ç¡A¥Á°ê60¦~¡C
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of 1986 MIST Workshop¡A¥æ³q¤j¾Ç¡A·s¦Ë¡A¥Á°ê75¦~¡C
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